鮫

See also: 鲛

鮫	U+9BAB, 鮫 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9BAB

← 鮪
[U+9BAA]

CJK Unified Ideographs

鮬 →
[U+9BAC]

Translingual

Han character

鮫 (Kangxi radical 195, 魚+6, 17 strokes, cangjie input 弓火卜金大 (NFYCK), four-corner 2034₈, composition ⿰魚交)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1469, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 46127
Dae Jaweon: page 2002, character 19
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4688, character 4
Unihan data for U+9BAB

Chinese

trad.		鮫
simp.		鲛

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (交) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
烄	keːws, kreːwʔ
礮	*pʰreːws
交	*kreːw
郊	*kreːw
茭	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
蛟	*kreːw
鮫	*kreːw
鵁	*kreːw
咬	kreːw, ŋɡreːwʔ, *qreːw
鉸	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *kreːws
佼	kreːw, kreːwʔ, *ɡreːwʔ
詨	kreːw, qʰreːws, *ɡreːws
絞	*kreːwʔ
狡	*kreːwʔ
姣	kreːwʔ, ɡreːw
筊	kreːwʔ, ɡreːw
校	kreːws, ɡreːws
珓	*kreːws
跤	*kʰreːw
頝	*kʰreːw
骹	*kʰraːw
齩	*ŋɡreːwʔ
洨	*ɡreːw
胶	*ɡreːw
效	*ɡreːws
効	*ɡreːws
傚	*ɡreːws
皎	*keːwʔ
恔	*keːwʔ
晈	*keːwʔ
窔	*qeːws
駮	*pqreːwɢ

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiāo (jiao¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kau

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiāo
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiao
  - Wade–Giles: chiao¹
  - Yale: jyāu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiau
  - Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: gaau¹
  - Yale: gāau
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gaau¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gao¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kaːu̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kau
  - Tâi-lô: kau
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kaw
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kau³³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kau⁴⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau⁴⁴/

Middle Chinese: kaew

Rime
Character	鮫
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)
Final (韻)	肴 (90)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	古肴切
Baxter	kaew
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠau/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚau/
Shao Rongfen	/kau/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kaɨw/
Li Rong	/kau/
Wang Li	/kau/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kau/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiāo
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaau¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kreːw/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	鮫
Reading #	1/1
No.	6300
Phonetic component	交
Rime group	宵
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	交
Old Chinese	/*kreːw/

Definitions

鮫

(literary, or in compounds) shark (scaleless cartilaginous fish)

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 鯊魚 (“shark”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		鯊魚, 鯊, 鮫
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	鯊魚
Northeastern Mandarin	Singapore	鯊魚
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	⿰魚坐魚, 鯊魚
Cantonese	Hong Kong	鯊魚
Cantonese	Taishan	鯊魚
Hakka	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Miaoli (Gongguan; N. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; N. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian)	鯊魚
	Miaoli (Zhuolan; Raoping)	鯊魚
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	鯊魚, 鯊囝
Southern Min	Xiamen	鯊魚
	Zhao'an	鯊魚
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	鯊魚
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Cijin)	鯊魚
	Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang)	鯊魚
	Yilan (Luodong)	鯊魚
	Yilan (Toucheng)	鯊魚
	Changhua (Yongjing)	鯊魚
	Tainan (Anping)	鯊魚
	Pingtung (Baoli, Checheng)	鯊魚
	Penang (Hokkien)	鯊魚
	Singapore (Hokkien)	鯊魚
	Nan'ao (Houzhai)	鯊魚
Wu	Wenzhou	鯊魚

Compounds

琵琶鮫 / 琵琶鲛
銀鮫 / 银鲛 (yínjiāo)
鋸鮫 / 锯鲛 (jùjiāo)
長尾鮫 / 长尾鲛
青鮫 / 青鲛 (qīngjiāo)
馬鮫魚 / 马鲛鱼
騾鮫 / 骡鲛
鮫人 / 鲛人
鮫函 / 鲛函
鮫綃 / 鲛绡

Japanese

Kanji

鮫

(Hyōgai kanji)

shark

Readings

Go-on: きょう (kyō)^{←けう (keu, historical)}
Kan-on: こう (kō)^{←かう (kau, historical)}
Kun: さめ (same, 鮫)、みずち (mizuchi, 鮫)^{←みづち (miduti, 鮫, historical)}

Etymology

Kanji in this term
鮫
さめ Hyōgai
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *samay.^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) さめ [sàmé] (Heiban – [0])^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [sa̠me̞]

Noun

鮫(さめ) or 鮫(サメ) • (same)

a shark (fish)
- 1999 July 5, “グレート・ホワイト [Great White]”, in BOOSTER 3, Konami:
  
  巨(きょ)大(だい)な白(しろ)いサメ。大(おお)きな口(くち)で噛(か)みつかれたら逃(のが)れられない。
  Kyodai na shiroi same. Ōki na kuchi de kamitsukaretara nogarerarenai.
  A giant white shark. It is utterly impossible to get out of its gigantic biting jaw.

Usage notes

As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as サメ (same).

References

^ Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

鮫 • (gyo) (hangeul 교, revised gyo, McCune–Reischauer kyo, Yale kyo)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

鮫: Hán Việt readings: giao^[1]

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

^ Trần (2004).

[1] Samuel E. Martin (1987) The Japanese Language Through Time, New Haven, London: Yale University Press, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[gdhn-4] Trần (2004).

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[2]

[3]

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