肴

See also: 餚
肴 U+80B4, 肴
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-80B4
← 肳
[U+80B3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 肵 →
[U+80B5]

Translingual

Han character

肴 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+4, 8 strokes, cangjie input 大大月 (KKB), four-corner 40227, composition ⿱㐅有)

  1. cooked or prepared meat

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𠴳, 𱗅, 𮱋, 𢛘, 𢯎, 𤉶, 𮌞, 𬗤, 𧼡, 𨡜, 𲌹, 𪘱, 𫾼, 𤚁, 𫨖, 𤷤

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 976, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29322
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1427, character 31
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2049, character 17
  • Unihan data for U+80B4

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (爻) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
崤 *ɢaːw, *ɢraːw
郩 *qaːwʔ
敎 *kraːw, *kraːws
較 *kreːwɢs, *kreːwɢ
肴 *ɢraːw
淆 *ɢraːw
倄 *ɢraːw, *ɢʷɯːʔ
爻 *ɢraːw
餚 *ɢraːw
殽 *ɢraːw
笅 *ɢraːw
駁 *praːwɢ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɢraːw): phonetic 爻 (OC *ɢraːw) + semantic ⺼ (“meat”) – meat dishes.

Current form resembles 乂 + 有 – the lower 乂 of 爻 has moved to the side and down.

Etymology 1

trad. 肴
simp. # 肴

Pronunciation

Note:
  • hâu - literary;
  • gâu/ngâu - vernacular (俗).
    Rime
    Character 肴
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
    Final (韻) 肴 (90)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) II
    Fanqie 胡茅切
    Baxter haew
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/ɦˠau/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/ɦᵚau/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/ɣau/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/ɦaɨw/
    Li
    Rong         		/ɣau/
    Wang
    Li         		/ɣau/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ɣau/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		xiáo
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		haau4
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 肴
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		yáo
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ hæw ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[ɡ]ˁraw/
    English food

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 肴
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 14645
    Phonetic
    component         		爻
    Rime
    group         		宵
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese         		/*ɢraːw/

    Definitions

    肴

    1. prepared meat
    Compounds
    • 佳肴 (jiāyáo)
    • 嘉肴 (jiāyáo)
    • 山肴野蔌
    • 旨酒嘉肴
    • 溷肴
    • 美酒佳肴
    • 肴蔌
    • 肴覈
    • 肴饌 (yáozhuàn)
    • 酒肴 (jiǔyáo)

    Etymology 2

    For pronunciation and definitions of 肴 – see 餚 (“meat dish”).
    (This character is the simplified form of 餚).
    Notes:

    Japanese

    Kanji

    肴

    (Jinmeiyō kanji)

    Readings

    • Go-on: ぎょう (gyō)←げう (geu, historical)
    • Kan-on: こう (kō)←かう (kau, historical)
    • Kun: さかな (sakana, 肴)、な (na)

    Compounds

    • 佳肴(かこう) (kakō), 嘉肴(かこう) (kakō)
    • 口取(くちと)り肴(ざかな) (kuchitorizakana)
    • 組(く)み肴(ざかな) (kumizakana)
    • 下戸(げこ)の肴荒(さかなあら)し (geko no sakanaarashi)
    • 下肴(げざかな) (gezakana): inferior fish, cheap fish
    • 肴核(こうかく) (kōkaku)
    • 小肴(こざかな) (kozakana): small fish
    • 肴荒(さかなあ)らし (sakanaarashi)
    • 肴奉行(さかなぶぎょう) (sakanabugyō)
    • 肴札(さかなふだ) (sakanafuda)
    • 肴舞(さかなまい) (sakanamai)
    • 酒肴(さけさかな) (sakesakana)
    • 残肴(ざんこう) (zankō)
    • 強(し)い肴(ざかな) (shiizakana)
    • 酒肴(しゅこう) (shukō)
    • 酢肴(すざかな) (suzakana)
    • 進(すす)め肴(ざかな) (susumezakana)
    • 粗肴(そこう) (sokō)
    • 珍肴(ちんこう) (chinkō)
    • 取(と)り肴(ざかな) (torizakana)
    • 直(なお)し肴(ざかな) (naoshizakana)
    • 生肴(なまざかな) (namazakana): raw fish
    • 熨斗肴(のしざかな) (noshizakana)
    • 箱肴(はこざかな) (hakozakana)
    • 鉢肴(はちざかな) (hachizakana)
    • 引(ひ)き肴(ざかな) (hikizakana)
    • 美肴(びこう) (bikō)

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    肴
    さかな
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi

    Compound of Old Japanese elements 酒 (saka, “sake, rice wine”, old combining form of modern sake reading) +‎ 菜 (na, “side dish”).[1][2][3] Likely source of Okinawan さかな (sakana).

    Alternative forms

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    肴(さかな) • (sakana) 

    1. fish
    2. a side dish served with alcoholic beverages: not necessarily fish, may be a vegetable or other meat
    3. entertainment at a drinking party
    Usage notes

    The fish sense is more commonly spelled 魚.

    Idioms

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    肴
    な
    Jinmeiyō
    kun'yomi

    From Old Japanese. Also spelled variously in kanji in modern Japanese as 肴 (for meat or fish), 菜 (for vegetables), 魚 (for fish).[1]

    This reading appears to be obsolete in modern Japanese.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): [na̠]

    Noun

    肴(な) • (na) 

    1. a side dish, be it meat or fish or greens
    Derived terms
    • 肴(さかな) (sakana) (see above)
    • 魚(さかな) (sakana) (see above)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    3. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    肴 • (hyo) (hangeul 효, revised hyo, McCune–Reischauer hyo, Yale hyo)

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