𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽰 (ytyʾ /üt, éti/)[1] 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwwyc /ööč/)[2] 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽽 (ʾwwc /uuč/)[3] |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐰇𐰲 (üč /üč/) |
| Manichaean script | 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫝 (ʾwyc /üč/) |
| Sogdian script | 𐼰𐼴𐼷𐼿 (ʾwyc /üč/) 𐼰𐼴𐼿 (ʾwc /üč/) |
| Arabic script | اج (ʾc /üč/)[4] |
| Brahmi script | 𑀉𑀬𑁆𑀘𑀼 (uycu /üč/) |
| Han script | 玉尺 (ngjowk.tsyhek /üč, üč(üg)/) 羽順 (hjuH.zywinH /üč(é)ü(n)/) [5] |
| 30 | ||
| ← 2 | 3 | 4 → |
|---|---|---|
| Cardinal: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyc) Ordinal: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽽 (ʾwycwnc) Adverbial: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (ʾwyc qʾtʾ) Distributive: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 (ʾwycʾr) Collective: 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽷𐽳 (ʾwycʾkw) | ||
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *üč (“three”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰇𐰲 (üč /üč/).
Numeral
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyc /üč/)
- three, 3
- c. 9th-11th centuries, Letter for a bishop and a presbyter U6069.8 (r08):[6]
- 𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐽼 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽸𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽴
- lyk ʾwyc ʾwypʾr typ sʾβdʾ tʾkynmʾz
- / […] üč öper, tép savda teginmez./
- […] [they] kiss you three times, but [they] do not arrive at [your] words.
- 𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐾀𐽶𐽼 𐽻𐽰𐽱𐽸𐽰 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽺𐽹𐽰𐽴
Compound terms
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwyc ʾʾqylyq nwmlʾr /Üč aġïlïḳ nomlar/, “Tripiṭaka”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽰𐽸𐽾𐽶 𐽻𐽳𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽳 (ʾwyc ʾʾdry swynkw /üč adrï süŋü/, “trident”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽰𐽷𐽶𐽹 (ʾwyc ʾkym /üč ekim/, “trifold”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐽺 (ʾwyc yʾrym kwyn /üč yarïm kün/, “one and a half day”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽶𐽳𐾁𐽶 (ʾwyc ywly /üč yolï/, “three times, thrice”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽷𐽳𐽶𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽳 (ʾwyc kwylwnw /üč kölüŋü/, “Triyāna”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽸𐽳𐽿𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwyc dwšlʾr /üč došlar/, “three bodily humors in Ayurveda”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽼𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ʾwyc pwlwnklwq /üč buluŋluġ/, “triangle”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐾁𐽳𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwyc lwykcwnk /Üč Lükčüŋ/, “Luizhong, an ancient city in China, 三柳中”)
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽶𐾁 (ʾwyckyl /üčgil/, “triangle”)
Descendants
- Western Yugur: uʂ (uʰʂ, üʰʂ)
Etymology 2
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *ȫč (“revenge, anger”).
Not related to 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwycmʾk /öčmek/, “to be extinguished, to come to an end”), which stems from a different Proto-Turkic root.
Noun
𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyc /öč/)
- hatred, revenge, enmity, anger, thirst for revenge
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽰𐽷 (kʾk /kek/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽱𐽷𐽰 (ʾwyβkʾ /övke/)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽳𐽶𐽽 𐽷𐽰𐽷 𐽻𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽶𐽺𐽽 ― ʾwwyc kʾk sʾq̈ync /Ööč-kek saḳïnč/ ― Hateful thoughts
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽 (ʾwyc) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾwyclʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽳𐽺𐽷 (ʾwycnwnk) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾwyclʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰 (ʾwyckʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾwyclʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽷 (ʾwycwk), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽺𐽶 (ʾwycny) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (ʾwyclʾryk), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾwyclʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽰 (ʾwycdʾ) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (ʾwyclʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾwycdyn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾwyclʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽳𐽺 (ʾwycwn) | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾwyclʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽽𐽰 (ʾwyccʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾwyckʾrw), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽾𐽰 (ʾwycrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾwyclʾyw) |
Compound terms
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwycʾmʾk /öčemek/, “to seek revenge, to be sullen”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽾 (ʾwycʾr /öčer/, “vengeful”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwycʾšmʾk /öčešmek/, “to hate (one another)”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽹𐽰𐽷 (ʾwycʾšmʾk /öčešmek/, “to fight”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽰𐽿𐽽𐽶 (ʾwycʾšcy /öčešči/, “fight-seeker, delinquent”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐽻𐽳𐽴 (ʾwycswz /öčsüz/, “one who does not seek revenge, one without hatred in their heart”)
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽽𐾁𐽳𐽲 (ʾwyclwq /öčlüg/, “revenge-seeker, one with hatred in their heart”)
References
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Etymology 2 only.
- ^ Misspelling, Etymology 2 only.
- ^ Attested as اجكل (ʾckl /üčgil/, “triangle”)
- ^ Attested as 羽順尺 (hjuH.zywinH.tsyhek /üč(é)ünč(üg)/, “third”).
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u6069recto.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/mainz/images/mainz0638_seite1.jpg
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “öç”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 145
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “üç”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 270
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “üç”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 18
- Dieter, Maue (1996) Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 1) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 9) (in German), →ISBN, pages 190-191
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “öč”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 521
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) üč”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 814
- Zieme, Peter (1975) Manichäisch-türkische Texte: Texte, Übersetzung, Anmerkungen (in German), page 70