𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/) |
|---|
Etymology 1
By surface analysis, 𐽰𐽶𐾁 (ʾyl /él/, “realm”) + -𐾁𐽶𐽷 (-lyk /-lig/), from Proto-Turkic *ẹ̄l (“realm”). Cognate with Volga Bulgar يَال (yêl, “tribe”), Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠 (il², “realm”).
Unrelated to 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽱𐽾 (ʾyltβr /élteber/, “a title for kings and rulers”), which is ultimately from Sogdian 𐼹𐼰𐽂𐼱𐽀 (δʾtβr), Bactrian υιλιτοβηρο (uilitobēro) and Middle Persian lytβyyr. Compare Orkhon Turkic 𐰃𐰠𐱅𐰋𐰼 (il²t²b²r² /Élteber/) and Bulgar يلطوار (/Yeltewêr/), borrowed from the same Indo-Iranian source.
Noun
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig, élég/)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (ʾylykyk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyklʾryk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (ʾylykdʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykdyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (ʾylykrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽿𐽶 (ʾylyk ʾwlwšy /élég ulušï/, “royalty”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽺 (ʾylyk qʾn /élig ḥan/, “ruler, khan, khagan”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽹𐽿𐽶𐽲𐽰 (ʾylyk qʾn mšyqʾ /Élig Ḥan Méšiḫa/, “Jesus Christ”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽼𐽰𐽷 (ʾylyk pʾk /élig beg/, “ruler, beg”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶 (ʾylyklʾr ʾylyky /éligler éligi/, “king of kings”) (a title equivalent to shahanshah)
Descendants
- ⇒ Western Yugur: eltʂi (eʰlçi, “shaman”)
Etymology 2
From Proto-Turkic *elig ~ *ẹlig (“hand”). Cognate with Orkhon Turkic 𐰠𐰏 (l²g /elig/).
Both the 'open-e' (é) (𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk)) and 'close-e' (e/ä) (𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk)) variants can be seen attested, with élig being more common. Compare the similar developments in the Eastern Turkic branches, with Northern Altai элиг (elig, “finger's width”), элӱ (elü), Shor инге (“hand”) and Yakut илии (ilii, “hand”), suggesting an areal shift perhaps to distinguish 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/, “hand, handsbreadth (unit of measure)”) from 𐽰𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾlyk /elig/, “fifty”).
Noun
𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk /élig/)
- hand
- Synonym: 𐽲𐽳𐾁 (qwl /ḳol/)
- foreleg (of animals)
- handsbreadth, span of a hand, an unit of measure equal to a breadth of a hand
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (ʾylyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyknynk) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (ʾylyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (ʾylykkʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (ʾylykyk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (ʾylykny) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (ʾylyklʾryk), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (ʾylyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (ʾylykdʾ) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (ʾylyklʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykdyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (ʾylykyn) | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (ʾylyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (ʾylykcʾ) | |
| directive | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (ʾylykkʾrw), 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽾𐽰 (ʾylykrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (ʾylyklʾyw) |
Derived terms
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽶𐽳𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾylyk ʾryq ywmʾq /élig arïġ yumaḳ/, “to ablute”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽹𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽶 (ʾylyk mwtwry /élig muturï/, “gesture”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐽲𐽰𐽱𐽿𐽳𐽾 (ʾylykyn qʾβšwr /éligin ḳavšur/, “to clasp ones hands, to pray”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾylykyn twtmʾq /éligin tutmaḳ/, “to hold ones hand, to hold hands”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽻𐽶𐽴 (ʾylyksyz /éligsiz/, “hand-amputee”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐾁𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾylyktʾ ʾʾlmʾq /éligte almaḳ/, “to handle”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐾀𐽰 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽲 (ʾylyktʾ twtmʾq /éligte tutmaḳ/, “to hold in hand”)
- 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽷 𐽰𐽶𐽿 (ʾylk ʾyš /elig iš/, “handicraft, crafts”)
- 𐽰𐾁𐽲𐽰𐽷 (ʾlqʾk /elgek/, “sieve”)
Descendants
- Western Yugur: ələɣ (ïlïɣ, “hand, a unit of measure, chopsticks, method, craftsmanship”)
- ⇒ Western Yugur: ələk (ïlïk, “hand, finger”)
References
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “ilig, ilik”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 92
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “éllig”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 141-142
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1), (2) elig”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 255