𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐾀𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tʾnkry /täŋri/) 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽶𐽾 (tnkyr /täŋir/) 𐾀𐽶𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tynkry /tiŋri, teŋri/) 𐽴𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (znkry /[t]äŋri, zäŋri/)[1] 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐾁𐽶 (tnkly /täŋ[r]i/)[2] 𐾀𐽾𐽷𐽾𐽶 (trkry /tä[ŋ]ri/)[3] 𐾀𐽰𐽷𐾁𐽶 (tʾkly /t[äŋr]i/)[4] 𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (ʾnkry /[t]äŋri/)[5] 𐾀𐽶𐽾𐾀𐽶 (tyrty /t[äŋr]i/)[6] |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 (t²ŋr²i /täŋri/) 𐱅𐰭𐱁𐰃 (t²ŋši /täŋ[r]i/)[7] 𐱅𐰭𐰼 (t²ŋr² /täŋr[i]/) |
| Manichaean script | 𐫎𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏 (ṯngry /täŋri/) 𐫕𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏 (θngry /täŋri/) 𐫎𐫗𐫐𐫡𐫏𐫏 (ṯnkryy /täŋrii/) 𐫕𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫏 (θngryy /täŋri/) 𐫎𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫍 (ṯngryh /taŋrï/) 𐫎𐫗𐫃𐫡𐫏𐫏𐫍 (ṯngryyh /taŋrï/) |
| Sogdian script | 𐽂𐼻𐼸𐽀𐼷 (tnkry /täŋri/) |
| Arabic script | تنكری (tnkry /täŋri/) تنكر (tnkr /täŋri/)[8] |
| Syriac script | ܬܢܓܪܝ (tngry /täŋri/) ܛܢܟܪܝ (ṭnkry /täŋri/) ܛܢܓܪܝ (ṭngry /täŋri/) ܕܢܓܪܝ (dngry /däŋri/) ܛܢܓܪܝܐ (ṭngryʾ /täŋre/) |
| Brahmi script | 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀡𑁆𑀭𑀺 (tyāṇri /tǟŋri/) 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀡𑁆𑀓𑁆𑀭𑀺 (tyāṇkri /tǟŋkri/) 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀡𑁆𑀭𑀺 (tyaṇri /täŋri/) 𑀢𑁆𑀬𑀸𑀭𑁆 (tyār /tä[n]r[i]/)[9] |
| Tibetan script | ཏྱ་ཎུ (tya.ṅu /täŋü?, täŋ[ri]?/)[10] |
| Han script | 騰克力 (dong.khok.lik /taŋrï/)[11] |
| ʼPhags-pa script | ꡊꡦꡃ ꡘꡞ (tėŋ.ri /taŋrï, təŋrï/)[12] |
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *teŋrī (“sky, god”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱅𐰭𐰼𐰃 (täŋri), Karakhanid تَنْكْرٖى (teŋrī).
Noun
𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry /täŋri/)
- (religion) god
- Synonyms: 𐽼𐽲 (pq /baġ/), ایلاهی (ʾylʾhy /ilahi, ilavi/), 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐽲𐽰𐽺 (ʾwyqʾn /uġan/), 𐽶𐽴𐽸𐽰𐽺 (yzdʾn /yazdan/)
- c. 11th century, Darmaruči (𐽸𐽾𐽹𐽳𐽾𐽳𐽽), Nom Čäčäki Sudur (法華經) line 108: U3095.10 (line 4, verso):[13]
- 𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽼𐽾𐽲𐽹𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽴𐽾𐽳𐽰 […] 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶
- mqʾprqmy ʾwlwq ʾzrwʾ […] tnkry y
- / […] Maḥabraḥme, uluġ Äzrua […] täŋrii […] /
- […] the great Mahābrahma, the God Ezrua […]
- 𐽹𐽲𐽰𐽼𐽾𐽲𐽹𐽶 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽲 𐽰𐽴𐽾𐽳𐽰 […] 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶
- c. 13th-14th centuries, Kamalasiri (𐽷𐽰𐽹𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽾𐽶), Ten-čeŋ-vïn-ke (天請問經, Devatāsūtra) U5661.02-04 (lines 2-4, recto):[14]
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰
𐽶 𐽶𐽾𐾁𐽶𐽲𐽰 𐽸𐽶 𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽲𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽹 𐽼𐽳𐽿𐽶
[…] 𐾀𐽰 𐽶𐽶𐽷 𐽶𐽳𐽲 𐽲𐽰𐽴𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽽 𐽼𐽳𐽶𐽰𐽺 𐽰𐽸𐽷𐽳- ʾwytwr tnkry tnkrysy pwrqʾn prʾmʾn qʾ ʾyncʾ
y yrlyqʾ dy prʾmʾn ʾʾ ʾʾqy pʾrym pwšy
[…] tʾ yyk ywq qʾzqʾnc pwyʾn ʾdkw - /Ötrü, Täŋri-täŋrisi Burḥan Bramanḳa ïnča [tep] yarlïḳadï: Braman a! Aġï barïm bušï [bermiš]tä yeg yoḳ. Ḳazġanč buyan ädgü […] /
- Then; the Buddha, God of gods, spoke to the Brahmin as follows: O Brahmin! There is nothing better than alms-giving. […]
- ʾwytwr tnkry tnkrysy pwrqʾn prʾmʾn qʾ ʾyncʾ
- 𐽰𐽳𐽶𐾀𐽳𐽾 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 𐽼𐽳𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 𐽼𐽾𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽺 𐽲𐽰 𐽰𐽶𐽺𐽽𐽰
- (rare) sky, heaven
- Synonyms: 𐽰𐽰𐽺𐽳𐽿𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (ʾʾnwšʾqʾn /anošaġan/), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶 (tnkry yyry /täŋri yeri/), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷 (tnkrylyk /täŋrilik/), 𐽳𐽿𐾀𐽹𐽰𐽵 (wštmʾx /uštmaḫ/)
- Antonyms: 𐽺𐽾𐽲 (nrq /naraḳa/), 𐾀𐽹𐽳 (tmw /tamu/), 𐽶𐽰𐽱𐾁𐽰𐽷 𐽶𐽶𐽾 (yʾβlʾk yyr /yavlaḳ yer/)
Declension
| singular | definite plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 (tnkry) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾 (tnkrylʾr) |
| genitive | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tnkrynynk) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (tnkrylʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰 (tnkrykʾ) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (tnkrylʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷 (tnkryk), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺𐽶 (tnkryny) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (tnkrylʾryk), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (tnkrylʾrny) |
| locative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽸𐽰 (tnkrydʾ) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (tnkrylʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽺 (tnkrydyn) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (tnkrylʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tnkryn) | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (tnkrylʾryn) |
| equative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽽𐽰 (tnkrycʾ) | |
| directive | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (tnkrykʾrw), 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽾𐽰 (tnkryrʾ) | |
| similative | 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (tnkrylʾyw) |
Compound terms
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽰𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽲 (tnkry ʾylyq /täŋri elig/, “divine emperor, mandate of heaven”)
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽶 (tnkry qʾtwny /täŋri ḫatunï/, “divine empress, goddess”)
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽶𐽶𐽾𐽶 (tnkry yyry /täŋri yeri/, “heaven”)
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽺𐽳𐽹𐽶 (tnkry nwmy /täŋri nomï/, “Manichaeism”, literally “teachings of the God”)
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶 (tnkry pytyky /täŋri bitigi/, “holy scripture”)
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽳𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽻𐽶 (tnkry twyrwsy /täŋri törösi/, “holy commandments”)
- 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶 𐾀𐽺𐽷𐽾𐽶𐽻𐽶 (tnkry tnkrysy /täŋri täŋrisi/, “Devātideva, God of the Gods”)
Derived terms
Descendants
- Western Yugur: deŋər (tiŋïr, “sky, heavens, weather”)
- → Classical Mongolian: ᠲᠩᠷᠢ (tngri)
- Mongolian: тэнгэр (tenger)
References
- ^ Only found in the translations of the Biography of Xuanzang.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Only found in Ïrḳ Bitig.
- ^ Attested as تنكركان (tnkrkʾn /täŋrikän/, “a wise person”)
- ^ Misspelling.
- ^ Uncertain.
- ^ Sense 2 only.
- ^ Sense 1 only.
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u3095seite2.jpg
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5661seite1.jpg
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F0EB6E2F74517416E9C8C2A63B67BD21D#?c=&m=&cv=45&xywh=0%2C-204%2C1517%2C1513
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968) “tnkry”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 242
- Clauson, Gerard (1972) “teŋri:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 523-524
- Raschmann, Simone-Christiane, Wilkens, Jens (2019) Fragmenta Buddhica Uigurica: Ausgewählte Schriften von Peter Zieme (Studien zur Sprache, Geschichte und Kultur der Türkvölker; 7), →ISBN, pages 16-17, 21
- Tekin, Mehmet Talât (2004) Irk Bitig: Book of Omens (Turcologica; 18), →ISBN, pages 22-23
- Tekin, Şinasi (1993) Kuanşi İm Pusar (Ses İşiten İlah): Vap ḥua ki atlıġ nom çeçeki sudur (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 576) (in Turkish), →ISBN, page 13
- Uzunkaya, Uğur (2023) “Eski Uygurca Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-Sūtra’ya İlişkin Fragmanlar (Fragments of Old Uyghur Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-Sūtra)”, in Selçuk Türkiyat (in Turkish), number 57, , →ISSN, page 379
- Wilkens, Jens (2021) “(1) t(ä)ŋri”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 695-697
- Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012) Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 61