𑀚𑀻𑀯
See also: 𑀚𑀯
Ashokan Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Noun
𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva)
Alternative forms
Attested at Allahabad-Kosambi, Delhi-Meerut, Delhi-Topra, Dhauli, Girnar, Lauriya-Araraj, Lauriya-Nandangarh and Rampurva.
| Dialectal forms of 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (“living thing”) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variety | Location | Lemmas | Forms |
| Central | Kalsi | 𑀚𑀺𑀯 (jiva) | |
| Delhi-Topra | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | ||
| Delhi-Meerut | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | ||
| Rampurva | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | ||
| Lauriya-Nandangarh | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | ||
| Lauriya-Araraj | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | ||
| Allahabad-Kosambi | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | ||
| East | Dhauli | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | |
| Jaugada | 𑀚𑀸𑀯 (jāva) | ||
| Northwest | Shahbazgarhi | 𐨗𐨁𐨬 (jiva) | |
| Mansehra | 𐨗𐨁𐨬 (jiva) | ||
| West | Girnar | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | |
| Map of dialectal forms of 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (“living thing”) | ||
|---|---|---|
|
𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) (8) 𐨗𐨁𐨬 (jiva) (2) 𑀚𑀺𑀯 (jiva) (1) 𑀚𑀸𑀯 (jāva) (1) | ||
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jīvá1”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
Pali
Alternative forms
Alternative scripts
Adjective
𑀚𑀻𑀯
- Brahmi script form of jīva (“living”)
Declension
Declension table of "𑀚𑀻𑀯" (masculine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁄 (jīvo) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀦 (jīvena) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀪𑀺 (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (jīvatthaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (jīvasmā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (jīvamhā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀪𑀺 (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (jīvasmiṃ) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (jīvamhi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀼 (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
Declension table of "𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸" (feminine)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬𑁄 (jīvāyo) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬𑁄 (jīvāyo) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺 (jīvāhi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀪𑀺 (jīvābhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺 (jīvāhi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀪𑀺 (jīvābhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬𑀁 (jīvāyaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀲𑀼 (jīvāsu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬𑁄 (jīvāyo) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
Declension table of "𑀚𑀻𑀯" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀺 (jīvāni) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀺 (jīvāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀦 (jīvena) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀪𑀺 (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (jīvatthaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (jīvasmā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (jīvamhā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀪𑀺 (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (jīvasmiṃ) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (jīvamhi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀼 (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀺 (jīvāni) |
Noun
𑀚𑀻𑀯 m or n
- Brahmi script form of jīva (“life”)
Declension
Declension table of "𑀚𑀻𑀯" (neuter)
| Case \ Number | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative (first) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀺 (jīvāni) |
| Accusative (second) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀺 (jīvāni) |
| Instrumental (third) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀦 (jīvena) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀪𑀺 (jīvebhi) |
| Dative (fourth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀬 (jīvāya) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀢𑁆𑀣𑀁 (jīvatthaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Ablative (fifth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀸 (jīvasmā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀸 (jīvamhā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀪𑀺 (jīvebhi) |
| Genitive (sixth) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀁 (jīvānaṃ) |
| Locative (seventh) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀫𑀺𑀁 (jīvasmiṃ) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (jīvamhi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀼 (jīvesu) |
| Vocative (calling) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀦𑀺 (jīvāni) |
When masculine, the nominative, vocative and accusative are:
Declension table of "𑀚𑀻𑀯" (masculine)
Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
Inherited from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva, “life, living thing”), from Sanskrit 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīvá, “alive”).
Noun
𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) m (Devanagari जीव, Gujarati જીવ, Kannada ಜೀವ) (attested in Ardhamāgadhī, Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī)
Declension
| Maharastri declension of 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (masculine) | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| Nominative | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁄 (jīvo) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
| Accusative | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀁 (jīvaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
| Instrumental | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀡 (jīveṇa) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀡𑀁 (jīveṇaṃ) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺 (jīvehi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀳𑀺𑀁 (jīvehiṃ) |
| Dative | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀅 (jīvāa) | — |
| Ablative | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀑 (jīvāo) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀉 (jīvāu) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺 (jīvāhi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (jīvāhiṃto) | — |
| Genitive | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀲𑁆𑀲 (jīvassa) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀡 (jīvāṇa) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸𑀡𑀁 (jīvāṇaṃ) |
| Locative | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (jīvammi) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂 (jīve) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀼 (jīvesu) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑁂𑀲𑀼𑀁 (jīvesuṃ) |
| Vocative | 𑀚𑀻𑀯 (jīva) or 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) | 𑀚𑀻𑀯𑀸 (jīvā) |
Descendants
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Garhwali: ज्यु (jyu)
- Kumaoni: ज्यू (jyū), ज्यो (jyo)
- Nepali: जीउ (jīu)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Konkani: जीवु (jīvu)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “jīvá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “जीव”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].