Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/ǰiHwás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós. Cognate with Proto-Hellenic *gʷīwos.

Adjective

*ǰiHwás

alive

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ȷ́iHwás
- Sanskrit: जीव (jīvá)
  - Dardic:
    - Kashmiri: زُو (zuv)
  - Pali: जीव (jīva) (see there for further descendants)
  - Prakrit: जीव (jīva) (see there for further descendants)
  - → Assamese: জীৱ (ziw)
  - → Bengali: জীব (jib)
  - → Burmese: ဇီဝ (jiwa.)
  - → Gujarati: જીવ (jīv)
  - → Hindi: जीव (jīv)
  - → Kannada: ಜೀವ (jīva)
  - → Konkani: जीव (jīv)
  - → Malay: jiwa
    - → Tagalog: diwa
  - → Marathi: जीव (jīv)
  - → Punjabi: ਜੀਵ (jīv)
  - → Old Javanese: jīwa
    - Javanese: ꦗꦶꦮ (jiwa)
    - → Balinese: ᬚᬶᬯ (jiwa)
  - → Telugu: జీవము (jīvamu)
  - → Thai: ชีว- (chiiu-), ชีว (chiiu)
Proto-Iranian: *ǰiHwáh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬘𐬎𐬎𐬋 (juuō)
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎪𐎡𐎺 (ji-i-v /⁠jīva⁠/)
    - Middle Persian: [script needed] (žīwandāg, “living”)
      - Persian: جیوه (jive, “alive metal, Mercury”)
Proto-Nuristani: *ǰīwá
- Northern Nuristani:
  - Kamkata-viri:
    Kamviri: jǖ́- (“to be alive”)
    
    Kativiri: jëvé- (“to be alive”)