𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *yewg-

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Indo-European *yugtós

Sanskrit युक्त (yukta)

Prakrit 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta)

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)

Prakrit -𑀏𑀇 (-ei)

Prakrit 𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei)

Denominal verb of 𑀚𑀼𑀢𑁆𑀢 (jutta, “joined, yoked”) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei, causative suffix), with the former element from Sanskrit यु॒क्त (yuktá, “yoked”), from the root युज् (yuj, “to yoke, join”).

Per Tedesco, the denominal verb is modelled analogically on pairs like 𑀙𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (chuṭṭa, “released”) ~ 𑀙𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (choḍei, “to release”), 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa, “torn”) ~ 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei, “to tear”); see there for more.^[1]

Turner reconstructs Sanskrit *योटयति (*yoṭayati) as the ancestor of this verb, but there is no evidence for the existence of this root before Middle Indo-Aryan. Attested Sanskrit यौट् (yauṭ) and जुट् (juṭ) are almost certainly Sanskritizations.

Verb

𑀚𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (joḍei) (Devanagari जोडेइ, Kannada ಜೋಡೇಇ) (transitive) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī) ^[2]^[3]

to join, yoke

Derived terms

𑀚𑁄𑀟 (joḍa, “pair”) (see there for further descendants)
𑀚𑀼𑀟𑀺𑀅 (juḍia, “joined”) (see there for further descendants)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: जोड़ना (joṛnā)
  
  Urdu: جوڑْنا (joṛnā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Bengali: জোড়া (jōṛa), জুড়া (juṛa)
- Bihari:
  - Maithili: जोरब (jōrab)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: जोर्नु (jornu)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Shahmukhi script: جوڑنا (joṛnā)
  
  Gurmukhi script: ਜੋਡ਼ਣਾ (joṛṇā)
- Sindhi:
  Arabic script: جوڙڻ (joṛaṇu)
  
  Devanagari script: जोड़णु (joṛaṇu)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Old Marathi: 𑘕𑘻𑘚𑘜𑘹 (joḍaṇe)
  - Marathi: जोडणे (joḍṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: જોડવું (joḍvũ)
→ Sanskrit: जोडयति (joḍayati), यौटति (yauṭati)
- ⇒ Sanskrit: जुड् (juḍ), जुट् (juṭ), यौट् (yauṭ)

References

^ Tedesco, P[aul Maximilian] (1953) “Sanskrit ā-mreḍ- 'to Repeat'”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎^[1], volume 73, number 2, American Oriental Society, page 79 of 77–85
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*yuṭati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “जोड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

[1] Tedesco, P[aul Maximilian] (1953) “Sanskrit ā-mreḍ- 'to Repeat'”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society‎^[1], volume 73, number 2, American Oriental Society, page 79 of 77–85

[2] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*yuṭati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

[3] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “जोड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

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