𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇
Prakrit
Alternative forms
- 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑀇 (toḍaï)[1]
- *𑀝𑁄𑀟𑀇 (*ṭoḍaï) — reconstructed based on descendants
Etymology
| Prakrit verb set |
|---|
| 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï) |
| 𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei) |
Etymology tree
Denominal verb of 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝 (tuṭṭa, “broken”) + -𑀏𑀇 (-ei), from Sanskrit *तृत्त (*tṛtta, “split”), from तृद् (tṛd, “to cleave, split”) + -त (-ta).[2][3] Compare the participle तृण्ण (tṛṇṇa) with a different suffix.
The back-formation is by analogy with Sanskrit verbs like बुद्ध (buddhá) ~ बोधयति (bodháyati). Sanskrit forms organised under the root त्रुट् (truṭ) are Sanskritisations not attested before the Classical period.
Verb
𑀢𑁄𑀟𑁂𑀇 (toḍei) (Devanagari तोडेइ, Kannada ತೋಡೇಇ) (transitive) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī) [4]
- to break
Derived terms
- 𑀢𑁄𑀟 (toḍa, “breaking”)
Related terms
- 𑀢𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (tuṭṭaï), 𑀝𑀼𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭuṭṭaï), 𑀝𑀺𑀉𑀝𑁆𑀝𑀇 (ṭiuṭṭaï, “to be broken”)
Descendants
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
- Hindi: तोड़ना (toṛnā)
- Urdu: تورْنا (tornā)
- Hindustani:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
- Bengali: তুড়া (tuṛa)
- Bihari:
- Bhojpuri: तूड़ल (tūṛal)
- Odia: ତୋଡ଼ିବା (toṛibā)
- Bengali-Assamese:
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਤੋਡ਼ਨਾ (toṛnā)
- Shahmukhi script: تورْنا (tornā)
- Sindhi: ٽوڙَڻُ (ṭoṛaṇu)
- Punjabi:
- Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: तोडणे (toḍṇe)
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: તોડવું (toḍvũ)
- → Sanskrit: त्रोटयति (troṭayati)
References
- ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “trōṭáyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 346
- ^ Tedesco, P[aul Maximilian] (1953) “Sanskrit ā-mreḍ- 'to Repeat'”, in Journal of the American Oriental Society[1], volume 73, number 2, American Oriental Society, pages 77–85
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956–1980) “truṭáti”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 536
- ^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928) “तोड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].