-sul

See also: Appendix:Variations of "sul"

Azerbaijani

Other scripts
Cyrillic		-сул
Abjad		-سول

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yoksul), which is, according to Clauson, a corruption of the suffix -siz (“without”) in the earlier yoksuz, which was displaced by yoksul in several Turkic languages.^[1]

Suffix

-sul

non-productive adjective-deriving suffix
‎yox (“nothing; there is not”) + ‎-sul → ‎yoxsul (“poor, impoverished”)

References

^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 903

Hungarian

Etymology

From -s (adjective-forming suffix) +‎ -ul (verb-forming suffix).^[1]

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ʃul]

Suffix

-sul

(verb-forming suffix) Forms an intransitive verb similarly to the suffix -ul. Nouns and adjectives ending in ó/ő, ú/ű use it frequently.
‎állandó (“permanent”) + ‎-sul → ‎állandósul (“to become permanent”)

Usage notes

(verb-forming suffix) Variants:
-sul is added to back-vowel words

-sül is added to front-vowel words

Conjugation

Conjugation of *-sul*
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	-sulok	-sulsz	-sul	-sulunk	-sultok	-sulnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	-sultam	-sultál	-sult	-sultunk	-sultatok	-sultak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. -sulni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	-sulék	-sulál	-sula	-sulánk	-sulátok	-sulának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -sul vala, -sult vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	-sulandok	-sulandasz	-suland	-sulandunk	-sulandotok	-sulandanak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	-sulnék	-sulnál	-sulna	-sulnánk	-sulnátok	-sulnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -sult volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	-suljak	-sulj or -suljál	-suljon	-suljunk	-suljatok	-suljanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -sult légyen

infinitive		-sulni		-sulnom	-sulnod	-sulnia	-sulnunk	-sulnotok	-sulniuk
other forms	-sulás		-suló	-sult	―	-sulva (-sulván)

Potential conjugation of *-sul*
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indicative	indicative	present	indef.	-sulhatok	-sulhatsz	-sulhat	-sulhatunk	-sulhattok	-sulhatnak
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	-sulhattam	-sulhattál	-sulhatott	-sulhattunk	-sulhattatok	-sulhattak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	-sulhaték	-sulhatál	-sulhata	-sulhatánk	-sulhatátok	-sulhatának
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. -sulhat vala, -sulhatott vala/volt.
archaic future		indef.	-sulhatandok or -sulandhatok	-sulhatandasz or -sulandhatsz	-sulhatand or -sulandhat	-sulhatandunk or -sulandhatunk	-sulhatandotok or -sulandhattok	-sulhatandanak or -sulandhatnak
		def.	―
		2nd obj

conditional		present	indef.	-sulhatnék	-sulhatnál	-sulhatna	-sulhatnánk	-sulhatnátok	-sulhatnának
	def.		―
	2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. -sulhatott volna

subjunctive	subjunctive	present	indef.	-sulhassak	-sulhass or -sulhassál	-sulhasson	-sulhassunk	-sulhassatok	-sulhassanak
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. -sulhatott légyen

infinitive		(-sulhatni)		(-sulhatnom)	(-sulhatnod)	(-sulhatnia)	(-sulhatnunk)	(-sulhatnotok)	(-sulhatniuk)
other forms	―			―		(-sulhatva / -sulhatván)

Derived terms

Hungarian verbs suffixed with -sul

References

^ -sul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

Turkish

Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish [script needed] (yoksul), which is, according to Clauson, a corruption of the suffix -siz (“without”) in the earlier yoksuz, which was displaced by yoksul in several Turkic languages.^[1]

The word "varsıl", meaning "rich", is the only word that also is using this suffix.

Suffix

-sul

adjective-deriving suffix
‎yok (“nothing; there is not”) + ‎-sul → ‎yoksul (“poor, impoverished”)

‎var (“there is”) + ‎-sul → ‎varsıl (“rich, affluent”)

Derived terms

Turkish terms suffixed with -sul

varsıl

yoksul

References

^ Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 903

[1] Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 903

[2] -sul in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

[3] Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 903

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