yok
Translingual
Symbol
yok
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɒk/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - Rhymes: -ɒk
Etymology 1
Noun
yok (plural yoks)
- Alternative form of yock.
Verb
yok (third-person singular simple present yoks, present participle yokking, simple past and past participle yokked)
- Alternative form of yock.
Etymology 2
Reversal of goy, with final devoicing.
Alternative forms
- Yok
Noun
yok (plural yoks)
- (derogatory) A non-Jew; a Gentile.
- 1979, Clive Sinclair, Hearts of Gold, Penguin, published 1983, page 43:
- [W]e had not only won the cup but also a great moral victory over the yoks.
- 2006, Howard Jacobson, Kalooki Nights, Vintage, published 2007, page 162:
- I'd been warned about just such a day, when the yoks would come with their white-boned fists and start knocking us about.
Marshallese
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
Pronoun
yok
References
Mbula
Noun
yok
References
- Robert D. Bugenhagen, Salme E. Bugenhagen, Ro ta ipiyooto sua Mbula Uunu = Mbula-English dictionary (2007, SIL)
Middle English
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Old English ġeoc, from Proto-West Germanic *juk, *jok, from Proto-Germanic *juką, from Proto-Indo-European *yugóm.
Forms with a long vowel are either leveled from inflected forms or influenced by the verb yoken, where open-syllable lengthening took place.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /jɔk/, /jɒːk/, /jɔːk/
Noun
yok (plural yokes)
- yoke (attachment connecting animals to a farm implement).
- A yoked group of draught animals.
- (figuratively) Regulation; limits or their imposition:
- A restriction or limit; that which restrains.
- Bondage, subjection; lack of freedom.
- Marriage; the marital bond.
- Something resembling a yoke.
- (rare) A challenge, burden or load.
Related terms
Descendants
References
- “yōke, n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Tocharian B
Etymology 1
Possibly specialized in meaning from the sense for "hair" > "hair color" > "color"; see Etymology 2 below.
Noun
yok m sg
Adjective
yok (masculine singular accusative yokäṃ, masculine plural nominative yokäñ, feminine singular accusative yokäññai, feminine plural nominative yokäñña)
Etymology 2
Uncertain. Adams speculates about the relation with the hapax legomenon in Vedic Sanskrit याशु (yāśu) etc., which he reads as "pubic hair", and Old Armenian ասր (asr, “fleece”).[1]
Noun
yok n (plural yākwa)
References
- ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013) “yok”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 550
Turkish
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish یوق (yok), from Proto-Turkic *yōk. Compare Old Turkic 𐰖𐰸 (yok).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjok/, (colloquial) /ˈjoː/, (regional) /ˈjoχ/
Audio: (file)
Adjective
yok
- absent, nonexistent, not there
- Antonym: var
- Kitapta 150 sayfa yok. ― There aren't 150 pages in the book.
- prohibited, forbidden
- Synonym: yasak
- Sigara içmek yok! ― No smoking (cigarettes)!
Declension
present tense | ||
---|---|---|
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (I am) | yokum | yok muyum? |
sen (you are) | yoksun | yok musun? |
o (he/she/it is) | yok / yoktur | yok mu? |
biz (we are) | yokuz | yok muyuz? |
siz (you are) | yoksunuz | yok musunuz? |
onlar (they are) | yok(lar) | yok(lar) mı? |
past tense | ||
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (I was) | yoktum | yok muydum? |
sen (you were) | yoktun | yok muydun? |
o (he/she/it was) | yoktu | yok muydu? |
biz (we were) | yoktuk | yok muyduk? |
siz (you were) | yoktunuz | yok muydunuz? |
onlar (they were) | yoktular | yok muydular? |
indirect past | ||
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (I was) | yokmuşum | yok muymuşum? |
sen (you were) | yokmuşsun | yok muymuşsun? |
o (he/she/it was) | yokmuş | yok muymuş? |
biz (we were) | yokmuşuz | yok muymuşuz? |
siz (you were) | yokmuşsunuz | yok muymuşsunuz? |
onlar (they were) | yokmuşlar | yok muymuşlar? |
conditional | ||
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (if I) | yoksam | yok muysam? |
sen (if you) | yoksan | yok muysan? |
o (if he/she/it) | yoksa | yok muysa? |
biz (if we) | yoksak | yok muysak? |
siz (if you) | yoksanız | yok muysanız? |
onlar (if they) | yoksalar | yok muysalar? |
For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.
present tense | ||
---|---|---|
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (I am) | yoğum | yok muyum? |
sen (you are) | yoksun | yok musun? |
o (he/she/it is) | yok / yoktur | yok mu? |
biz (we are) | yoğuz | yok muyuz? |
siz (you are) | yoksunuz | yok musunuz? |
onlar (they are) | yok(lar) | yok(lar) mı? |
past tense | ||
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (I was) | yoktum | yok muydum? |
sen (you were) | yoktun | yok muydun? |
o (he/she/it was) | yoktu | yok muydu? |
biz (we were) | yoktuk | yok muyduk? |
siz (you were) | yoktunuz | yok muydunuz? |
onlar (they were) | yoktular | yok muydular? |
indirect past | ||
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (I was) | yokmuşum | yok muymuşum? |
sen (you were) | yokmuşsun | yok muymuşsun? |
o (he/she/it was) | yokmuş | yok muymuş? |
biz (we were) | yokmuşuz | yok muymuşuz? |
siz (you were) | yokmuşsunuz | yok muymuşsunuz? |
onlar (they were) | yokmuşlar | yok muymuşlar? |
conditional | ||
positive declarative | positive interrogative | |
ben (if I) | yoksam | yok muysam? |
sen (if you) | yoksan | yok muysan? |
o (if he/she/it) | yoksa | yok muysa? |
biz (if we) | yoksak | yok muysak? |
siz (if you) | yoksanız | yok muysanız? |
onlar (if they) | yoksalar | yok muysalar? |
For negative forms, use the appropriate form of değil.
Derived terms
Noun
yok (definite accusative yoku or yoğu, plural yoklar)
- something that doesn't exist
- nonexistence
Derived terms
- vara yoğa
- varı yoğu
Interjection
yok
Conjunction
yok
- Used between two contrasting conditional clauses, conveying a negative meaning to the latter, similar to yoksa.
- Verdiler, ne âlâ; yok vermediler, döner gelirsin. ― If they give it, very well; if they don't, you'll just come back.
- Used to denote sarcastic disbelief or belittlement to what someone else has said.
- Yok kâğıdı kalmamış, yok mürekkebi iyi değilmiş, hasılı bir alay bahaneler! ― He didn't have paper left, his ink wasn't good, whole bunch of excuses!
Further reading
- “yok”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “yok”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 5347
Volapük
Noun
yok (nominative plural yoks)
Declension
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | yok | yoks |
genitive | yoka | yokas |
dative | yoke | yokes |
accusative | yoki | yokis |
vocative 1 | o yok! | o yoks! |
predicative 2 | yoku | yokus |
1 status as a case is disputed
2 in later, non-classical Volapük only