-sum
See also: Appendix:Variations of "sum"
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈsũː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈsum]
Suffix
-sum m
- accusative singular of -sus
Middle English
Suffix
-sum
- (chiefly Early Middle English or Northern) alternative form of -som
Old English
Etymology
From Proto-West Germanic *-sam, from Proto-Germanic *-samaz (“same as”). Akin to Old Frisian -sum, Old High German -sam, Old Norse -samr, Gothic -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐍃 (-sams), -𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌰 (-sama, “same as”), Old English sam (“whether, or”), Old English same (“same”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sum/
Suffix
-sum
- characterized by some specific condition or quality; same as
- angsum ― difficult, constricted, āþrotsum ― irksome, ġecwēmsum ― pleasing, pleasant
- having or exemplifying
- wynsum ― joyful, winsome
Declension
Declension of -sum — Strong
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | -sum | -sumu, -sumo | -sum |
| Accusative | -sumne | -sume | -sum |
| Genitive | -sumes | -sumre | -sumes |
| Dative | -sumum | -sumre | -sumum |
| Instrumental | -sume | -sumre | -sume |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | -sume | -suma, -sume | -sumu, -sumo |
| Accusative | -sume | -suma, -sume | -sumu, -sumo |
| Genitive | -sumra | -sumra | -sumra |
| Dative | -sumum | -sumum | -sumum |
| Instrumental | -sumum | -sumum | -sumum |
Declension of -sum — Weak
Derived terms
Descendants
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [suβ̃]
Suffix
-sum
- alternative form of -som
See also
| person | emphatic suffixes |
|---|---|
| 1 sg | -se, -sa |
| 2 sg | -siu, -so, -su |
| 3 sg m or n | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
| 3 sg f | -si |
| 1 pl | -ni, -nai, -sni |
| 2 pl | -si |
| 3 pl | -som, -sem, -sium, -sum, -sam |
Emphatic suffixes are added to nouns modified by a possessive determiner to emphasize the possessor; to verbs, predicate adjectives, and predicate nouns to emphasize the subject; and to inflected prepositions to emphasize the object.