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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₂énh₁ti (“to breathe”), from the root *h₂enh₁-. Though this etymology is generally accepted, the semantic link is uncertain (maybe via “to exhale, to breathe deeply, to relax, to take a break”). For a parallel development, Matasović compares the derivation of Serbo-Croatian odàhnuti (“to pause”) from dȁh (“breath”).[1]
Cognate with Proto-Germanic *ananą and Sanskrit अनिति (ániti).
Verb
*anati[1]
- to pause
- to remain
Inflection
| Athematic present, s-preterite
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*anami
|
*anamam
|
?
|
*anasam
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anasi
|
*anatās
|
?
|
*anass
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anati
|
*anato
|
?
|
*anast
|
| 1st plural
|
*anamosi
|
*anamo
|
?
|
*anasme
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anatesi
|
*anastē
|
?
|
*anaste
|
| 3rd plural
|
*ananti
|
*ananto
|
?
|
*anasant
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*anasū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anasesi
|
?
|
*ana
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anaseti
|
?
|
*anatou
|
| 1st plural
|
*anasomosi
|
?
|
*anamos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anasetesi
|
?
|
*anate
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anasonti
|
?
|
*anantou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*anar
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anatar
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anator
|
?
|
?
|
?
|
| 1st plural
|
*anammor
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anadwe
|
—
|
?
|
?
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anantor
|
?
|
?
|
*anasanto
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*anasūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*anasetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*anasetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*anasommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*anasedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*anasontor
|
—
|
—
|
| Declension of the present participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anants
|
*anante
|
*anantes
|
| vocative
|
*anants
|
*anante
|
*anantes
|
| accusative
|
*anantam
|
*anante
|
*anantans
|
| genitive
|
*anantos
|
*?
|
*anantom
|
| dative
|
*anantei
|
*anantbom
|
*anantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*anantī?
|
*anantbim
|
*anantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anantī
|
*anantī
|
*anantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*anantī
|
*anantī
|
*anantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*anantīm
|
*anantī
|
*anantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*anantyās
|
*?
|
*anantyom
|
| dative
|
*anantyāi
|
*anantyābom
|
*anantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*anantyābim
|
*anantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anant
|
*?
|
*ananta
|
| vocative
|
*anant
|
*?
|
*ananta
|
| accusative
|
*anant
|
*?
|
*ananta
|
| genitive
|
*anantos
|
*?
|
*anantom
|
| dative
|
*anantei
|
*?
|
*anantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*anantī?
|
*?
|
*anantbis
|
| Declension of the middle participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anamnos
|
*anamnou
|
*anamnoi
|
| vocative
|
*anamne
|
*anamnou
|
*anamnoi
|
| accusative
|
*anamnom
|
*anamnou
|
*anamnons
|
| genitive
|
*anamnī
|
*anamnous
|
*anamnom
|
| dative
|
*anamnūi
|
*anamnobom
|
*anamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anamnū
|
*anamnobim
|
*anamnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anamnā
|
*anamnai
|
*anamnās
|
| vocative
|
*anamnā
|
*anamnai
|
*anamnās
|
| accusative
|
*anamnam
|
*anamnai
|
*anamnans
|
| genitive
|
*anamnās
|
*anamnous
|
*anamnom
|
| dative
|
*anamnai
|
*anamnābom
|
*anamnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*anamnābim
|
*anamnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anamnom
|
*anamnou
|
*anamnā
|
| vocative
|
*anamnom
|
*anamnou
|
*anamnā
|
| accusative
|
*anamnom
|
*anamnou
|
*anamnā
|
| genitive
|
*anamnī
|
*anamnous
|
*anamnom
|
| dative
|
*anamnūi
|
*anamnobom
|
*anamnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anamnū
|
*anamnobim
|
*anamnobis
|
| Declension of the past participle
|
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anatos
|
*anatou
|
*anatoi
|
| vocative
|
*anate
|
*anatou
|
*anatoi
|
| accusative
|
*anatom
|
*anatou
|
*anatons
|
| genitive
|
*anatī
|
*anatous
|
*anatom
|
| dative
|
*anatūi
|
*anatobom
|
*anatobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anatū
|
*anatobim
|
*anatobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anatā
|
*anatai
|
*anatās
|
| vocative
|
*anatā
|
*anatai
|
*anatās
|
| accusative
|
*anatam
|
*anatai
|
*anatans
|
| genitive
|
*anatās
|
*anatous
|
*anatom
|
| dative
|
*anatai
|
*anatābom
|
*anatābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*anatābim
|
*anatābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*anatom
|
*anatou
|
*anatā
|
| vocative
|
*anatom
|
*anatou
|
*anatā
|
| accusative
|
*anatom
|
*anatou
|
*anatā
|
| genitive
|
*anatī
|
*anatous
|
*anatom
|
| dative
|
*anatūi
|
*anatobom
|
*anatobos
|
| instrumental
|
*anatū
|
*anatobim
|
*anatobis
|
Derived terms
Descendants
- Proto-Brythonic: *anad
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *exanad (< *exs-anati)
- ⇒ Proto-Brythonic: *köβ̃anad (< *kom-anati)
- Middle Welsh: kynhanu
- Welsh: cynanu
- ⇒ Welsh: cynnan (“ready, witty, eloquent”)
- Old Irish: anaid
- Middle Irish: fanaid
- Irish: fan
- Scottish Gaelic: fan
- Gaulish: anat[2]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ana-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 34
- ^ Savignac, Jean-Paul (2004) Dictionnaire français-gaulois, →ISBN, page 189