Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/kʷākʷos
Proto-Celtic
Etymology
Matasović is indecisive between two etymological possibilities:[1]
- From Proto-Indo-European *kʷo-h₃kʷ-os, a compound of *kʷos (“what”) and *h₃ekʷ- (“to see”), literally "what you see".
- From Proto-Indo-European *kʷeh₂-kʷos, a dvandva compound of feminine *kʷeh₂ and masculine *kʷos (“what”). This etymology is endorsed by Stüber.[2]
Pronoun
*kʷākʷos
Inflection
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | *kʷākʷos | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷoi |
| vocative | *kʷākʷe | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākoi |
| accusative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākons |
| genitive | *kʷākʷī | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākūi | *kʷākʷobom | *kʷākʷobos |
| locative | *kʷākʷei | *? | *? |
| instrumental | *kʷākū | *kʷākʷobim | *kʷākʷūis |
Determiner
*kʷākʷos
Inflection
| O/ā-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷos | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷoi |
| vocative | *kʷākʷe | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷoi |
| accusative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷons |
| genitive | *kʷākʷī | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākūi | *kʷākʷobom | *kʷākʷobos |
| instrumental | *kʷākū | *kʷākʷobim | *kʷākʷobis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷā | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷās |
| vocative | *kʷākʷā | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷās |
| accusative | *kʷākʷam | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷans |
| genitive | *kʷākʷās | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākʷai | *kʷākʷābom | *kʷākʷābos |
| instrumental | *? | *kʷākʷābim | *kʷākʷābis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷā |
| vocative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷā |
| accusative | *kʷākʷom | *kʷākʷou | *kʷākʷā |
| genitive | *kʷākʷī | *kʷākʷous | *kʷākʷom |
| dative | *kʷākūi | *kʷākʷobom | *kʷākʷobos |
| instrumental | *kʷākū | *kʷākʷobim | *kʷākʷobis |
| Declension of the comparative | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷyūs | *? | *kʷākʷyoses |
| vocative | *kʷākʷyūs | *? | *kʷākʷyoses |
| accusative | *kʷākʷyosam | *? | *kʷākʷyosans |
| genitive | *kʷākʷisos | *? | *kʷākʷisom |
| dative | *kʷākʷisei | *? | *kʷākʷisbos |
| instrumental | *kʷākʷisī | *? | *kʷākʷisbis |
| feminine | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷyūs | *? | *kʷākʷyoses |
| vocative | *kʷākʷyūs | *? | *kʷākʷyoses |
| accusative | *kʷākʷyosam | *? | *kʷākʷyosans |
| genitive | *kʷākʷisos | *? | *kʷākʷisom |
| dative | *kʷākʷisei | *? | *kʷākʷisbos |
| instrumental | *kʷākʷisī | *? | *kʷākʷisbis |
| neuter | singular | dual | plural |
| nominative | *kʷākʷis | *? | *? |
| vocative | *kʷākʷis | *? | *? |
| accusative | *kʷākʷis | *? | *? |
| genitive | *kʷākʷisos | *? | *kʷākʷisom |
| dative | *kʷākʷisei | *? | *kʷākʷisbos |
| instrumental | *kʷākʷisī | *? | *kʷākʷisbis |
Descendants
References
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “**kʷākʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 173-174
- ^ Stüber, Karin (2017) “The morphology of Celtic”, in Jared Klein, Brian Joseph, Matthias Fritz, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics, volume 2, De Gruyter Mouton, pages 1203–1217
- ^ Xavier Delamarre (2003), Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise. Éditions Errance. p. 245.