Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/uɸer

This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Celtic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *upér (“above, over”).[1]

Preposition

*uɸer

  1. on, over, above
    Antonym: *uɸo

Derived terms

  • *uɸer-
  • *uɸertamos (with rarer superlative suffix *-tamos)
  • *uɸeramos (with archaic superlative suffix *-amos)
    • Celtiberian: ueramos

Reconstruction notes

In Insular Celtic, this word and its prefix counterpart changed to *uɸor under the influence of its antonym *uɸo (“under”).

Descendants

  • Proto-Brythonic: *gwor (unlenited), *war (lenited)
  • Old Irish: for, far
    • Middle Irish: for
      • Irish: ar (partially)
      • Manx: er (partially)
      • Scottish Gaelic: air (partially)

References

  1. ^ Schrijver, Peter C. H. (1995) Studies in British Celtic historical phonology (Leiden studies in Indo-European; 5), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, page 120
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