Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þakwōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *teh₂g- (“to touch”), either derived from a u-stem derivative of the root +‎ *-ōną, (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?) or, if the alternative reconstruction *þakkōną is correct, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *th₂gnéh₂ti and thus formally cognate with Latin tangō (“touch”, verb).[1] Further cognate with Ancient Greek τεταγών (tetagṓn, “having seized”), τάσσω (tássō, “arrange”) and Latin taxō (“touch, feel”, verb). Phonemically similar to Proto-Germanic *tēkaną (“to touch”), and may even be related (see there for more)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈθɑ.kʷɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*þakwōną

  1. to touch, pat, tap

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þakwō *þakwǭ — *þakwōi ?
2nd singular *þakwōsi *þakwōs *þakwō *þakwōsai *þakwōsau
3rd singular *þakwōþi *þakwō *þakwōþau *þakwōþai *þakwōþau
1st dual *þakwōs *þakwōw — — —
2nd dual *þakwōþiz *þakwōþiz *þakwōþiz — —
1st plural *þakwōmaz *þakwōm — *þakwōnþai *þakwōnþau
2nd plural *þakwōþ *þakwōþ *þakwōþ *þakwōnþai *þakwōnþau
3rd plural *þakwōnþi *þakwōn *þakwōnþau *þakwōnþai *þakwōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *þakwōdǭ *þakwōdēdį̄
2nd singular *þakwōdēz *þakwōdēdīz
3rd singular *þakwōdē *þakwōdēdī
1st dual *þakwōdēdū *þakwōdēdīw
2nd dual *þakwōdēdudiz *þakwōdēdīdiz
1st plural *þakwōdēdum *þakwōdēdīm
2nd plural *þakwōdēdud *þakwōdēdīd
3rd plural *þakwōdēdun *þakwōdēdīn
present past
participles *þakwōndz *þakwōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

  • *þakkōną, *þakōną[1]

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *þakwōn, *þakkōn
    • Old English: þaccian
    • Old Saxon: *thakkōn, *thakōn
      • ⇒ Old Saxon: thakolōn
    • Old Dutch: *thakon
  • Old Norse: þjökka, þjaka
    • Faroese: *tjaka
      • ⇒ Faroese: tjakast
    • Icelandic: þjaka
    • Norwegian: tjåka

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*þak(k)ōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532
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