|
|
This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
|
Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *h₁eyH-so-, from *h₁eyH- (“ice”).[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
*īsą n
- ice
- (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛁ (i)
Inflection
Declension of *īsą (neuter a-stem)
|
|
singular
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*īsą
|
*īsō
|
| vocative
|
*īsą
|
*īsō
|
| accusative
|
*īsą
|
*īsō
|
| genitive
|
*īsas, *īsis
|
*īsǫ̂
|
| dative
|
*īsai
|
*īsamaz
|
| instrumental
|
*īsō
|
*īsamiz
|
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *īs
- Old English: īs, ys, ᛁᛋ (is) — Near Fakenham plaque
- Middle English: is, ise, yes, yce, yys, ys, ijs, yse, ysz, hyse, hyys, ice, isse, ysse, yis
- English: ice (see there for further descendants)
- Scots: ice
- Old Frisian: īs
- North Frisian: Iis, Is, is
- Saterland Frisian: Ies
- West Frisian: iis
- Old Saxon: īs
- Old Dutch: *īs
- Middle Dutch: ijs
- Dutch: ijs
- Afrikaans: ys
- Petjo: es
- → Caribbean Javanese: ès
- → Indonesian: es
- → Papiamentu: eis
- → Sranan Tongo: èisi, hèisi
- → Aukan: eisi
- → Saramaccan: eísí
- Limburgish: ies
- Old High German: īs
- Middle High German: īs
- Alemannic German: Iis, Is, Isch
- Alsatian: Iis; Eis (northern)
- Italian Walser: isch, éisch
- Bavarian: ais
- Cimbrian: ais
- Mòcheno: ais
- Central Franconian: Eis, Ies
- Hunsrik: Eis
- Luxembourgish: Äis
- Transylvanian Saxon: Ais
- German: Eis
- Rhine Franconian:
- Frankfurt: [ais]
- Pennsylvania German: Eis
- Vilamovian: ajs
- Yiddish: אײַז (ayz)
- Old Norse: íss (< *īsaz)
- Icelandic: ís
- Faroese: ísur
- Norwegian Bokmål: is
- Elfdalian: ais
- Old Swedish: īs
- Danish: is
- Gutnish: eis, h'eis
References
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*īsa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 271