Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ōdaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos.

    Suffix

    *-ōdaz

    1. Forms adjectives from nouns, indicating the possession of a thing or a quality.

    Inflection

    Declension of *-ōdaz (a-stem)
    Strong declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ōdaz *-ōdō *-ōdą, -atō *-ōdai *-ōdôz *-ōdō
    accusative *-ōdanǭ *-ōdǭ *-ōdą, -atō *-ōdanz *-ōdōz *-ōdō
    genitive *-ōdas, -is *-ōdaizōz *-ōdas, -is *-ōdaizǫ̂ *-ōdaizǫ̂ *-ōdaizǫ̂
    dative *-ōdammai *-ōdaizōi *-ōdammai *-ōdaimaz *-ōdaimaz *-ōdaimaz
    instrumental *-ōdanō *-ōdaizō *-ōdanō *-ōdaimiz *-ōdaimiz *-ōdaimiz
    Weak declension
    singular plural
    masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
    nominative *-ōdô *-ōdǭ *-ōdô *-ōdaniz *-ōdōniz *-ōdōnō
    accusative *-ōdanų *-ōdōnų *-ōdô *-ōdanunz *-ōdōnunz *-ōdōnō
    genitive *-ōdiniz *-ōdōniz *-ōdiniz *-ōdanǫ̂ *-ōdōnǫ̂ *-ōdanǫ̂
    dative *-ōdini *-ōdōni *-ōdini *-ōdammaz *-ōdōmaz *-ōdammaz
    instrumental *-ōdinē *-ōdōnē *-ōdinē *-ōdammiz *-ōdōmiz *-ōdammiz

    Derived terms

    Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōdaz
    Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/armōdiją

    Descendants

    Although not directly related to the past participle of class 2 weak verbs, its resemblance caused it to be treated as one in many of the descendant languages. In particular, throughout West Germanic, the prefix *ga- came to be affixed to words with this suffix as well.

    • Old English: -od
    • Old Frisian: -ad
      • Saterland Frisian: -ed
    • Old Dutch: *-od, *-ot
    • Old High German: gi- -ōt
    • Proto-Norse: *-ᛟᚦᚢᛉ (*-oþuʀ)
      • Old Norse: -aðr, -uðr
        • Icelandic: -aður, -uður
        • Faroese: -aður
        • Swedish: -d, -t
        • Danish: -et
        • Norwegian Bokmål: -ete
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: -ete
    • Gothic: -𐍉𐌸𐍃 (-ōþs)
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