Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-itjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *-dyé- (verbal suffix). Cognate with Ancient Greek -άζω (-ázō).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /it.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*-itjaną

  1. Creates verbs from nouns and adjectives, similar to -ise.
  2. Creates intensive verbs from other verbs.

Usage notes

The suffix is only attested twice and may have merged with the suffix *-atjaną in the daughter languages.

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 1 j-present)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *-itjō *-itjaų *-itjai ?
2nd singular *-itisi *-itjais *-iti *-itjasai *-itjaisau
3rd singular *-itiþi *-itjai *-itjaþau *-itjaþai *-itjaiþau
1st dual *-itjōs *-itjaiw
2nd dual *-itjaþiz *-itjaiþiz *-itjaþiz
1st plural *-itjamaz *-itjaim *-itjanþai *-itjainþau
2nd plural *-itiþ *-itjaiþ *-itiþ *-itjanþai *-itjainþau
3rd plural *-itjanþi *-itjain *-itjanþau *-itjanþai *-itjainþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *-istǭ *-istēdį̄
2nd singular *-istēz *-istēdīz
3rd singular *-istē *-istēdī
1st dual *-istēdū *-istēdīw
2nd dual *-istēdudiz *-istēdīdiz
1st plural *-istēdum *-istēdīm
2nd plural *-istēdud *-istēdīd
3rd plural *-istēdun *-istēdīn
present past
participles *-itjandz *-itidaz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *-ittjan
    • Old English: -ettan (merged with descendant of *-atjaną)
    • Old Saxon: *-itian, -itōn
    • Old High German: -izzen
  • Gothic: *-𐌹𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*-itjan)