Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fernaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *furnaz, *firnijaz

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *perǝm-, *perǝ- (fore, first), from Proto-Indo-European *per- (forth, over, across, through). Cognate with Lithuanian pernai (last year, adverb).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɸer.nɑz/

Adjective

*fernaz

  1. foregoing, previous
  2. recent, last-year

Inflection

Declension of *fernaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *fernaz *fernō *ferną, -atō *fernai *fernôz *fernō
accusative *fernanǭ *fernǭ *ferną, -atō *fernanz *fernōz *fernō
genitive *fernas, -is *fernaizōz *fernas, -is *fernaizǫ̂ *fernaizǫ̂ *fernaizǫ̂
dative *fernammai *fernaizōi *fernammai *fernaimaz *fernaimaz *fernaimaz
instrumental *fernanō *fernaizō *fernanō *fernaimiz *fernaimiz *fernaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *fernô *fernǭ *fernô *fernaniz *fernōniz *fernōnō
accusative *fernanų *fernōnų *fernô *fernanunz *fernōnunz *fernōnō
genitive *ferniniz *fernōniz *ferniniz *fernanǫ̂ *fernōnǫ̂ *fernanǫ̂
dative *fernini *fernōni *fernini *fernammaz *fernōmaz *fernammaz
instrumental *ferninē *fernōnē *ferninē *fernammiz *fernōmiz *fernammiz

Descendants

  • Old English: firn, fyrn
    • Scots: fernȝere, farnȝer, fairnȝer
  • Old Frisian: fīr, fēr
    • North Frisian: fier
    • Saterland Frisian: fier
    • West Frisian: fier
  • Old Saxon: ferni, fern, *furn
    • Middle Low German: verne, vere, ver
      • German Low German: feern
  • Old Dutch: *ferni
  • Old High German: firni
  • Old Norse: forn
  • Gothic: 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns)