fern

See also: Fern

English

Etymology

From Middle English fern, from Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn, from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (feather, wing; fern, leaf), from *p(t)erH- (fern).

Cognate with West Frisian fear, Dutch varen, German Farn, Lithuanian spar̃nas, Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (parəna), Ashkun pār, Kamkata-viri por, přor, Prasuni parëg, Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇá).

Pronunciation

Noun

fern (plural ferns)

  1. Any of a group of some twenty thousand species of vascular plants classified in the division Pteridophyta that lack seeds and reproduce by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Translations

See also

References

  1. ^ Dobson, E. J. (1957) English pronunciation 1500-1700[1], second edition, volume II: Phonology, Oxford: Clarendon Press, published 1968, →OCLC, § 8, page 472:Fern is recorded with ĕ by Levins (beside ę̄), Gil (1621 edition), Poole, Coles, and Brown; with ę̄ by Levins (beside ĕ) and Gil (1619 edition)..

Further reading

Anagrams

German

Etymology

From Middle High German verren, from Old High German ferrana, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *ferrai, same as English far.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fɛʁn/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ɛʁn

Adjective

fern (strong nominative masculine singular ferner, comparative ferner, superlative am fernsten)

  1. remote
  2. far away

Declension

Derived terms

  • fernsehen
  • gegenwartsfern
  • gesellschaftsfern
  • lösungsfern
  • marktfern
  • menschenfern
  • realitätssfern
  • wirklichkeitsfern
  • zukunftsfern

Preposition

fern [with genitive; or with dative]

  1. (higher register) far away from something
    Fern des Landes / dem Land, in dem sie geboren wurde
    Far away from the land in which she was born

Further reading

Icelandic

Etymology

From the root fer-. Compare tvennur, þrennur.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fɛ(r)t⁽ʰ⁾n/
  • Rhymes: -ɛrtn

Adjective

fern

  1. four (used when counting singular nouns, pluralia tantum or groupings (especially pairs) of items, or when the item counted is missing from the sentence or separated by the preposition af (“of”))
    fernir skórfour pairs of shoes
    fernir tónleikarfour concerts [tónleikar is plurale tantum]
    Þetta má gera á fernan hátt.This can be done in four ways. [háttur cannot be used in its plural form in this sense]
    Það er fernt sem mig vantar.There are four [things] that I need. [noun omitted]
    Ég vil fá fernt af öllu.I want four of everything.

Declension

Positive forms of fern
strong declension
(indefinite)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative fern fern fernt
accusative fernan ferna
dative fernum fernri fernu
genitive ferns fernrar ferns
plural masculine feminine neuter
nominative fernir fernar fern
accusative ferna
dative fernum
genitive fernra
weak declension
(definite)
singular masculine feminine neuter
nominative ferni ferna ferna
acc/dat/gen ferna fernu
plural (all-case) fernu

Derived terms

Middle English

Alternative forms

Etymology

From Old English fearn, from Proto-West Germanic *farn.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /fɛːrn/, /fɛrn/

Noun

fern (plural ferns)

  1. fern

Derived terms

Descendants

  • English: fern
  • Scots: farne, fairn
  • Yola: vearne, fearn

References

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Welsh gwern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [ɸʲer͈n͈]

Noun

fern f (genitive fernae, nominative plural ferna)

  1. alder
  2. shield (made of alder wood)
  3. pole, stake
  4. the letter F

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem
singular dual plural
nominative fernL feirnL fernaH
vocative fernL feirnL fernaH
accusative feirnN feirnL fernaH
genitive fernaeH fernL fernN
dative feirnL fernaib fernaib
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
  • H = triggers aspiration
  • L = triggers lenition
  • N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

Mutation

Mutation of fern
radical lenition nasalization
fern ḟern fern
pronounced with /β̃ʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Old Saxon

Noun

fern m

  1. alternative form of infern