पर्ण

See also: पूर्ण, प्राणु, पुराण, and प्राण

Hindi

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर्ण (parṇa). Doublet of पन्ना (pannā, “page”) and पान (pān, “betel leaf”).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /pəɾɳ/, [pɐɾɳ]

Noun

पर्ण • (parṇ) m (Urdu spelling پرݨ)

feather (of a bird)
Synonym: पर (par)
leaf (of a tree)
Synonyms: पत्ता (pattā), पत्र (patra)

Declension

Declension of *पर्ण* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	पर्ण parṇ	पर्ण parṇ
oblique	पर्ण parṇ	पर्णों parṇõ
vocative	पर्ण parṇ	पर्णो parṇo

References

McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “पर्ण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পৰ্ণ (Assamese script)
ᬧᬃᬡ (Balinese script)
পর্ণ (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰨𑰿𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀭𑁆𑀡 (Brahmi script)
ပရ်္ဏ (Burmese script)
પર્ણ (Gujarati script)
ਪਰ੍ਣ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌰𑍍𑌣 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦂꦟ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂩𑂹𑂝 (Kaithi script)
ಪರ್ಣ (Kannada script)
បណ៌ (Khmer script)
ປຣ຺ຓ (Lao script)
പര്ണ (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠᡵᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘨𑘿𑘜 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᠷᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧈𑧠𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐬𑑂𑐞 (Newa script)
ପର୍ଣ (Odia script)
ꢦꢬ꣄ꢠ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆫𑇀𑆟 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖨𑖿𑖜 (Siddham script)
පර්‍ණ (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩼 𑪙𑩪 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚤𑚶𑚘 (Takri script)
பர்ண (Tamil script)
పర్ణ (Telugu script)
ปรฺณ (Thai script)
པ་རྞ (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒩𑓂𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨫𑩇𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *parnám (“leaf, feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *pornóm (“feather, wing”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬞𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬀 (par^əna), Lithuanian spar̃nas (“wing”), English fern.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐɾ.ɳɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐɾ.ɳɐ/

Noun

पर्ण • (parṇá) stem, n

pinion, feather (also of an arrow), wing
leaf (regarded as the plumage of a tree)

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of पर्ण
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पर्णम् (parṇám)	पर्णे (parṇé)	पर्णानि (parṇā́ni) पर्णा¹ (parṇā́¹)
accusative	पर्णम् (parṇám)	पर्णे (parṇé)	पर्णानि (parṇā́ni) पर्णा¹ (parṇā́¹)
instrumental	पर्णेन (parṇéna)	पर्णाभ्याम् (parṇā́bhyām)	पर्णैः (parṇaíḥ) पर्णेभिः¹ (parṇébhiḥ¹)
dative	पर्णाय (parṇā́ya)	पर्णाभ्याम् (parṇā́bhyām)	पर्णेभ्यः (parṇébhyaḥ)
ablative	पर्णात् (parṇā́t)	पर्णाभ्याम् (parṇā́bhyām)	पर्णेभ्यः (parṇébhyaḥ)
genitive	पर्णस्य (parṇásya)	पर्णयोः (parṇáyoḥ)	पर्णानाम् (parṇā́nām)
locative	पर्णे (parṇé)	पर्णयोः (parṇáyoḥ)	पर्णेषु (parṇéṣu)
vocative	पर्ण (párṇa)	पर्णे (párṇe)	पर्णानि (párṇāni) पर्णा¹ (párṇā¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

ताम्रपर्णी (tāmraparṇī)
पर्णशाला (parṇaśālā)

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: पर्ण (parṇ)
→ Tamil: பர்ணம் (parṇam), பன்னம் (paṉṉam)
→ Kannada: ಪರ್ಣ (parṇa)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (paṇa)
- Kalasha: pọ̃
- Kashmiri: پَن (pan)
Helu Prakrit:
- Dhivehi: ފަން (fan̊)
- Sinhalese: පන (pana)
Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
- Assamese: পাণ (pan, “betel leaf”)
- Bengali: পান (pan, “betel leaf”)
- Bihari: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
  - Bhojpuri: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
  - Maithili: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
  - Magahi: 𑂣𑂰𑂢 (pān, “betel leaf”)
- Odia: ପାନ (pāna, “betel leaf”)
- Sylheti: ꠙꠣꠘ (fan, “betel leaf”)
Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
- Gurjara Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
  - Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
    - Gujarati: પાન (pān)
      - ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
    - Marwari: पान (pān)
- Konkani: पान (pān)
- Old Marathi: 𑘢𑘰𑘡 (pāna)
  - Marathi: पान (pān)
- Hindustani: pān
  Hindi: पान
  Urdu: پان (pān)
Pali: paṇṇa
- → Khmer: ប័ណ្ណ (ban) (learned)
- → Lao: ບັນນະ (ban na) (learned)
- → Thai: บรรณ (ban) (learned)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀧𑀡𑁆𑀡 (paṇṇa)
- Doteli: पन्ना (pannā)
- Garhwali: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
- Gurjara Apabhramsa: पण्ण (paṇṇa)
  - Old Gujarati: पान (pāna)
    - Gujarati: પાન (pān)
      - ⇒ Gujarati: પાંદડું (pā̃dḍũ)
    - Marwari: पान (pān)
- Hindustani:
  Hindi: पान (pān, “betel leaf”), पन्ना (pannā, “page”)
  
  Urdu: پن (pān, “betel leaf”), پنا (pannā, “page”)
- Kumaoni: पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
- Nepali: पानु (pānu), पान (pān, “betel leaf”)
- Punjabi: ਪੰਨਾ (pannā)
- Sindhi: पनु (panu)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “पर्ण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 606/2.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 97
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “parṇá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press