प्राण
Hindi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्राण (prāṇa).
Pronunciation
- (Delhi) IPA(key): /pɾɑːɳ/, [pɾä̃ːɳ]
Noun
प्राण • (prāṇ) m (Urdu spelling پراݨ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | प्राण prāṇ |
प्राण prāṇ |
| oblique | प्राण prāṇ |
प्राणों prāṇõ |
| vocative | प्राण prāṇ |
प्राणो prāṇo |
References
- Platts, John T. (1884) “प्राण”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Marathi
Etymology
Borrowed from Sanskrit प्राण (prāṇa).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /pɾaɳ/
Noun
प्राण • (prāṇ) m
- life, spirit, life force
- Synonym: जीव (jīv)
- त्याचे प्राण संकटात घालू नकोस!
- tyāce prāṇ saṅkṭāt ghālū nakos!
- Do not put his life in danger!
- (figuratively) air, wind
- (poetic) dearly loved
Declension
| Declension of प्राण (masc cons-stem) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| direct singular |
प्राण prāṇ | ||
| direct plural |
प्राण prāṇ | ||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन | ||
| nominative प्रथमा |
प्राण prāṇ |
प्राण prāṇ | |
| oblique सामान्यरूप |
प्राणा prāṇā |
प्राणां- prāṇān- | |
| acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी |
प्राणाला prāṇālā |
प्राणांना prāṇānnā | |
| ergative | प्राणाने, प्राणानं prāṇāne, prāṇāna |
प्राणांनी prāṇānnī | |
| instrumental | प्राणाशी prāṇāśī |
प्राणांशी prāṇānśī | |
| locative सप्तमी |
प्राणात prāṇāt |
प्राणांत prāṇāt | |
| vocative संबोधन |
प्राणा prāṇā |
प्राणांनो prāṇānno | |
| Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition. | |||
| Genitive declension of प्राण (masc cons-stem) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म |
feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म |
neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म |
oblique सामान्यरूप | |||||
| singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
singular* एकवचन |
plural अनेकवचन |
|||
| singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता |
प्राणाचा prāṇāċā |
प्राणाचे prāṇāċe |
प्राणाची prāṇācī |
प्राणाच्या prāṇācā |
प्राणाचे, प्राणाचं prāṇāċe, prāṇāċa |
प्राणाची prāṇācī |
प्राणाच्या prāṇācā | |
| plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता |
प्राणांचा prāṇānċā |
प्राणांचे prāṇānċe |
प्राणांची prāṇāñcī |
प्राणांच्या prāṇāncā |
प्राणांचे, प्राणांचं prāṇānċe, prāṇānċa |
प्राणांची prāṇāñcī |
प्राणांच्या prāṇāñcā | |
| * Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition. | ||||||||
References
- Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “प्राण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
- Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “प्राण”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- প্ৰাণ (Assamese script)
- ᬧ᭄ᬭᬵᬡ (Balinese script)
- প্রাণ (Bengali script)
- 𑰢𑰿𑰨𑰯𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀧𑁆𑀭𑀸𑀡 (Brahmi script)
- ပြာဏ (Burmese script)
- પ્રાણ (Gujarati script)
- ਪ੍ਰਾਣ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌪𑍍𑌰𑌾𑌣 (Grantha script)
- ꦥꦿꦴꦟ (Javanese script)
- 𑂣𑂹𑂩𑂰𑂝 (Kaithi script)
- ಪ್ರಾಣ (Kannada script)
- ប្រាណ (Khmer script)
- ປ຺ຣາຓ (Lao script)
- പ്രാണ (Malayalam script)
- ᢒᡵᠠ᠊ᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘢𑘿𑘨𑘰𑘜 (Modi script)
- ᢒᠷᠠᢗᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧂𑧠𑧈𑧑𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐥𑑂𑐬𑐵𑐞 (Newa script)
- ପ୍ରାଣ (Odia script)
- ꢦ꣄ꢬꢵꢠ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆥𑇀𑆫𑆳𑆟 (Sharada script)
- 𑖢𑖿𑖨𑖯𑖜 (Siddham script)
- ප්රාණ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩰 𑪙𑩼𑩛𑩪 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚞𑚶𑚤𑚭𑚘 (Takri script)
- ப்ராண (Tamil script)
- ప్రాణ (Telugu script)
- ปฺราณ (Thai script)
- པྲཱ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒣𑓂𑒩𑒰𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨞𑩇𑨫𑨊𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /pɾɑː.ɳɐ́/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /pɾɑː.ɳɐ/
Noun
प्राण • (prāṇá) stem, m
- breath, respiration, the breath of life, vitality, life, vital air (usually plural in this sense)
- the first of the five life-winds or vital airs, which has its seat in the lungs (the other four being अपान (apāna), समान (samāna), व्यान (vyāna) and उदान (udāna))
- wind, inhaled air
- energy, vigor, strength, power (as in प्राणसार (prāṇasāra))
- the spirit or soul (as opposed to शरीर (śarīra))
- the Supreme Spirit (see आत्मन् (ātman))
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | प्राणः (prāṇáḥ) | प्राणौ (prāṇaú) प्राणा¹ (prāṇā́¹) |
प्राणाः (prāṇā́ḥ) प्राणासः¹ (prāṇā́saḥ¹) |
| accusative | प्राणम् (prāṇám) | प्राणौ (prāṇaú) प्राणा¹ (prāṇā́¹) |
प्राणान् (prāṇā́n) |
| instrumental | प्राणेन (prāṇéna) | प्राणाभ्याम् (prāṇā́bhyām) | प्राणैः (prāṇaíḥ) प्राणेभिः¹ (prāṇébhiḥ¹) |
| dative | प्राणाय (prāṇā́ya) | प्राणाभ्याम् (prāṇā́bhyām) | प्राणेभ्यः (prāṇébhyaḥ) |
| ablative | प्राणात् (prāṇā́t) | प्राणाभ्याम् (prāṇā́bhyām) | प्राणेभ्यः (prāṇébhyaḥ) |
| genitive | प्राणस्य (prāṇásya) | प्राणयोः (prāṇáyoḥ) | प्राणानाम् (prāṇā́nām) |
| locative | प्राणे (prāṇé) | प्राणयोः (prāṇáyoḥ) | प्राणेषु (prāṇéṣu) |
| vocative | प्राण (prā́ṇa) | प्राणौ (prā́ṇau) प्राणा¹ (prā́ṇā¹) |
प्राणाः (prā́ṇāḥ) प्राणासः¹ (prā́ṇāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Descendants
- → Burmese: ပြန် (pran)
- → Kannada: ಪ್ರಾಣ (prāṇa)
- → English: prana
- → Hindi: प्राण (prāṇ)
- → Marathi: प्राण (prāṇ)
- → Odia: ପ୍ରାଣ (prāṇa)
- → Bengali: প্রাণ (pran)
- → Bengali: পরাণ (poran) (semi-learned)
- Pali: pāṇa
- → Telugu: ప్రాణము (prāṇamu)
- → Khmer: ប្រាណ (praan)
- → Thai: ปราณ (bpraan)
References
- Monier Williams (1899) “प्राण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, pages 701/3, 705/1-2.
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 188