पर

• (Delhi) IPA^(key): /pəɾ/, [pɐɾ]

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀺 (pari), 𑀉𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀭𑀺 (uppari), from Sanskrit उपरि (upari, “above”),^[1] from Proto-Indo-Aryan *upári, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *upári, from Proto-Indo-European *upér, from *upo.

Cognate with Gujarati પર (par), Marathi वर (var), and distantly Latin super and Old English ofer (whence English over). Doublet of ऊपर (ūpar).

पर • (par) (Urdu spelling پر)

1. on

   Synonym: पे (pe)

   सड़क पर ― saṛak par ― on the road

   मेज़ पर ― mez par ― on the table

2. at

   Synonym: पे (pe)

   घर पर ― ghar par ― at home

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ), from Sanskrit परम् (param, “after, but”), oblique of पर (para, “distant, further”).

पर • (par) (Urdu spelling پر)

1. but, however

   Synonyms: see Thesaurus:परन्तु

   मैंने दूध पिया, पर मैंने नाश्ता नहीं किया।

   ma͠ine dūdh piyā, par ma͠ine nāśtā nahī̃ kiyā.

   I drank milk, however I did not have breakfast.

2. nevertheless

• मगर (magar)
• लेकिन (lekin)
• किन्तु (kintu)

Borrowed from Classical Persian پر (par).

पर • (par) m (Urdu spelling پر)

2. feather; wing

   Synonym: पंख (paṅkh)

3. quill

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit पर (para).

पर • (par) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling پر)

1. distant, far, remote

   Synonym: दूर (dūr)

• IPA^(key): [pʌɾʌ]
• Phonetic Devanagari: परअ

पर • (para)

1. mid-respectful second-person singular imperative of पर्नु (parnu)

पर

1. Devanagari script form of para (“other”)
   • c. 500 AD, Kaccāyana, Pālivyākaraṇaṃ [Pali Grammar]‎^[1] (overall work in Pali), page 291; republished as Satish Chandra Acharyya Vidyabhusana, editor, Kaccayana's Pali Grammar (edited in Devanagari character and translated into English), Calcutta, Bengal: Mahabodhi Society, 1901:

     वचवसवहादीनं उकारो वस्स ये ॥६॥
     वच, वस, वह इच्चेवमादीनं धातूनं वकारस्स उकारो होति य पच्चये परे । उच्चते, वुच्चति; वुस्सति; वुय्हति ॥

     6. Vacavasavahādīnaṃ ukāro vassa ye
     Vaca, vasa, vaha iccevamādīnaṃ dhātūnaṃ vakārassa ukāro hoti ya paccaye pare.Uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.

     Vac, vas, vah etc. which have 'u' for 'va'
     Roots vac, vas, vah and so on etc. have 'u' from 'va' next to the ending 'ya'.
     Exx: uccate, vuccate; vussati; vuyhati.

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *páras, Proto-Indo-European *pér-o-s. Compare Hittite 𒁉𒂊𒊏𒀭 (pēran), Ancient Greek πέρᾱ (pérā).

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɐ́.ɾɐ/
• (Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɐ.ɾɐ/

पर • (pára) stem

1. (with ablative) other, different (than)
2. far, distant, remote
3. unfamiliar, alien
4. opposite
5. ulterior
6. ancient
7. following, succeeding, subsequent, next
8. final, last, ultimate
9. more than, exceeding
10. left, remaining
11. concerned, anxious, nervous

पर • (pára) stem, m

1. a stranger
2. a foe, enemy, adversary, opponent
3. the supreme Being

पर • (pára) stem, n

1. remoteness
2. the highest point/degree
3. the supreme Being
4. (taxonomy) genus
5. existence

• Pali: para
• Prakrit: 𑀧𑀭𑀁 (paraṃ) (< páram)
  • Hindustani:

    Hindi: पर (par)

    Urdu: پَر (par)

• Monier Williams (1899) “पर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 586, columns 1-2.
• Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 86-7
• Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pára”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 440
• Hellwig, Oliver (2010–2025) “para”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.