पार

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀧𑀸𑀭 (pāra), from Sanskrit पार (pāra).

Pronunciation

(Delhi) IPA^(key): /pɑːɾ/, [päːɾ]

Noun

पार • (pār) m (Urdu spelling پار)

the other side
नदी का पार ― nadī kā pār ― the opposite bank of the river

पार उतारना ― pār utārnā ― to cross
limit, end

Declension

Declension of *पार* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	पार pār	पार pār
oblique	पार pār	पारों pārõ
vocative	पार pār	पारो pāro

Adverb

पार • (pār) (Urdu spelling پار)

across, on the other side

Derived terms

आर-पार (ār-pār)

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “पार”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “पार”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “pārá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

পাৰ (Assamese script)
ᬧᬵᬭ (Balinese script)
পার (Bengali script)
𑰢𑰯𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀧𑀸𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ပါရ (Burmese script)
પાર (Gujarati script)
ਪਾਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌪𑌾𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦥꦴꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂣𑂰𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಪಾರ (Kannada script)
បារ (Khmer script)
ປາຣ (Lao script)
പാര (Malayalam script)
ᢒᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘢𑘰𑘨 (Modi script)
ᢒᠠᢗᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧂𑧑𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐥𑐵𑐬 (Newa script)
ପାର (Odia script)
ꢦꢵꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆥𑆳𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖢𑖯𑖨 (Siddham script)
පාර (Sinhalese script)
𑩰𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚞𑚭𑚤 (Takri script)
பார (Tamil script)
పార (Telugu script)
ปาร (Thai script)
པཱ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒣𑒰𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨞𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-

Sanskrit पार (pāra)

From Proto-Indo-European *per- (“to go through, carry forth”), related to पृ (pṛ, “to bring over”) and Ancient Greek πόρος (póros, “passage”).^[1]

The noun "the further bank" might be a vriddhi derivative of पर (pára, “far, distant”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɾɐ́/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /pɑː.ɾɐ/

Adjective

पार • (pārá) stem^[3]

bringing across

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पार
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पारः (pāráḥ)	पारौ (pāraú) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)	पाराः (pārā́ḥ) पारासः¹ (pārā́saḥ¹)
accusative	पारम् (pārám)	पारौ (pāraú) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)	पारान् (pārā́n)
instrumental	पारेण (pāréṇa)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारैः (pāraíḥ) पारेभिः¹ (pārébhiḥ¹)
dative	पाराय (pārā́ya)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārébhyaḥ)
ablative	पारात् (pārā́t)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārébhyaḥ)
genitive	पारस्य (pārásya)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पाराणाम् (pārā́ṇām)
locative	पारे (pāré)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पारेषु (pāréṣu)
vocative	पार (pā́ra)	पारौ (pā́rau) पारा¹ (pā́rā¹)	पाराः (pā́rāḥ) पारासः¹ (pā́rāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of पारा
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पारा (pārā́)	पारे (pāré)	पाराः (pārā́ḥ)
accusative	पाराम् (pārā́m)	पारे (pāré)	पाराः (pārā́ḥ)
instrumental	पारया (pāráyā) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पाराभिः (pārā́bhiḥ)
dative	पारायै (pārā́yai)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पाराभ्यः (pārā́bhyaḥ)
ablative	पारायाः (pārā́yāḥ) पारायै² (pārā́yai²)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पाराभ्यः (pārā́bhyaḥ)
genitive	पारायाः (pārā́yāḥ) पारायै² (pārā́yai²)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पाराणाम् (pārā́ṇām)
locative	पारायाम् (pārā́yām)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पारासु (pārā́su)
vocative	पारे (pā́re)	पारे (pā́re)	पाराः (pā́rāḥ)

¹Vedic
²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of पार
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पारम् (pārám)	पारे (pāré)	पाराणि (pārā́ṇi) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)
accusative	पारम् (pārám)	पारे (pāré)	पाराणि (pārā́ṇi) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)
instrumental	पारेण (pāréṇa)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारैः (pāraíḥ) पारेभिः¹ (pārébhiḥ¹)
dative	पाराय (pārā́ya)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārébhyaḥ)
ablative	पारात् (pārā́t)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārébhyaḥ)
genitive	पारस्य (pārásya)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पाराणाम् (pārā́ṇām)
locative	पारे (pāré)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पारेषु (pāréṣu)
vocative	पार (pā́ra)	पारे (pā́re)	पाराणि (pā́rāṇi) पारा¹ (pā́rā¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

पार • (pārá) stem, n ^[3]

the further bank or shore or boundary, any bank or shore, the opposite side, the end or limit of anything, the utmost reach or fullest extent

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of पार
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पारम् (pārám)	पारे (pāré)	पाराणि (pārā́ṇi) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)
accusative	पारम् (pārám)	पारे (pāré)	पाराणि (pārā́ṇi) पारा¹ (pārā́¹)
instrumental	पारेण (pāréṇa)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारैः (pāraíḥ) पारेभिः¹ (pārébhiḥ¹)
dative	पाराय (pārā́ya)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārébhyaḥ)
ablative	पारात् (pārā́t)	पाराभ्याम् (pārā́bhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārébhyaḥ)
genitive	पारस्य (pārásya)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पाराणाम् (pārā́ṇām)
locative	पारे (pāré)	पारयोः (pāráyoḥ)	पारेषु (pāréṣu)
vocative	पार (pā́ra)	पारे (pā́re)	पाराणि (pā́rāṇi) पारा¹ (pā́rā¹)

¹Vedic

Noun

पार • (pāra) stem, m ^[3]

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of पार
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	पारः (pāraḥ)	पारौ (pārau) पारा¹ (pārā¹)	पाराः (pārāḥ) पारासः¹ (pārāsaḥ¹)
accusative	पारम् (pāram)	पारौ (pārau) पारा¹ (pārā¹)	पारान् (pārān)
instrumental	पारेण (pāreṇa)	पाराभ्याम् (pārābhyām)	पारैः (pāraiḥ) पारेभिः¹ (pārebhiḥ¹)
dative	पाराय (pārāya)	पाराभ्याम् (pārābhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārebhyaḥ)
ablative	पारात् (pārāt)	पाराभ्याम् (pārābhyām)	पारेभ्यः (pārebhyaḥ)
genitive	पारस्य (pārasya)	पारयोः (pārayoḥ)	पाराणाम् (pārāṇām)
locative	पारे (pāre)	पारयोः (pārayoḥ)	पारेषु (pāreṣu)
vocative	पार (pāra)	पारौ (pārau) पारा¹ (pārā¹)	पाराः (pārāḥ) पारासः¹ (pārāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 122
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 611
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Monier Williams (1899) “पार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 619, column 2.

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 122

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014) Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 611

[MW-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 Monier Williams (1899) “पार”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 619, column 2.

[1]

[2]

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