दूर

See also: देर, द्रु, and दुर

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra), from Sanskrit दूर (dūrá). Also influenced by Classical Persian دور (dūr).

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi) IPA(key): /d̪uːɾ/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -uːɾ

Adjective

दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)

  1. distant, far
    Antonyms: पास (pās), निकट (nikaṭ)
    आपका कार्यालय यहाँ से कितनी दूर है।
    āpkā kāryālay yahā̃ se kitnī dūr hai.
    How far is your office from here?
    पृथ्वी से शनि बहुत दूर है।
    pŕthvī se śani bahut dūr hai.
    Saturn is very distant from the Earth.
  2. away, off
    वह सौ मीटर दूर खड़ा था।
    vah sau mīṭar dūr khaṛā thā.
    He was standing a hundred meters away.
    इन लड़कों को खेत से दूर रखो।
    in laṛkõ ko khet se dūr rakho.
    Keep these boys off the field.

Usage notes

दूर (dūr) can be considered an adverb in the same sense as it is considered an adjective.

Noun

दूर • (dūr) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling دور)

  1. distance, remoteness

Derived terms

References

Marathi

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit दूर (dūra).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /d̪uɾ/, [d̪uːɾ]

Adjective

दूर • (dūra)

  1. distant or remote in time or space

Further reading

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • দূৰ (Assamese script)
  • ᬤᬹᬭ (Balinese script)
  • দূর (Bengali script)
  • 𑰟𑰳𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (Brahmi script)
  • ဒူရ (Burmese script)
  • દૂર (Gujarati script)
  • ਦੂਰ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌦𑍂𑌰 (Grantha script)
  • ꦢꦹꦫ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂠𑂴𑂩 (Kaithi script)
  • ದೂರ (Kannada script)
  • ទូរ (Khmer script)
  • ທູຣ (Lao script)
  • ദൂര (Malayalam script)
  • ᡩᡠᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘟𑘴𑘨 (Modi script)
  • ᢑᠤᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦿𑧕𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐡𑐹𑐬 (Newa script)
  • ଦୂର (Odia script)
  • ꢣꢹꢬ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆢𑆷𑆫 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖟𑖳𑖨 (Siddham script)
  • දූර (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩭𑩒𑩛𑩼 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚛𑚱𑚤 (Takri script)
  • தூ³ர (Tamil script)
  • దూర (Telugu script)
  • ทูร (Thai script)
  • དཱུ་ར (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒠𑒴𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨛𑨃𑨊𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂-
    Proto-Indo-European *-rós
    Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós
    Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás
    Sanskrit दूर (dūra)

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *dweh₂rós (“long, far away”), from *dweh₂-.

    Cognate with Old Persian 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y /⁠dūraiy⁠/, “afar”) (whence Persian دور (dur, “far”)), Avestan 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    दूर • (dūrá) stem

    1. distant, far, long, remote
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.29.6:
        पता॑ति कुण्डृ॒णाच्या॑ दू॒रं वातो॒ वना॒दधि॑।
        आ तू न॑ इन्द्र शंसय॒ गोष्वश्वे॑षु शु॒भ्रिषु॑ स॒हस्रे॑षु तुवीमघ॥
        pátāti kuṇḍṛṇā́cyā dūráṃ vā́to vánādádhi.
        ā́ tū́ na indra śaṃsaya góṣváśveṣu śubhríṣu sahásreṣu tuvīmagha.
        Let us (adverse) breeze, with crooked course, alight afar off on the forest; Indra, of boundless wealth, enrich us with thousands of excellent cows and horses.

    Declension

    Masculine a-stem declension of दूर
    singular dual plural
    nominative दूरः (dūráḥ) दूरौ (dūraú)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)     		दूराः (dūrā́ḥ)
    दूरासः¹ (dūrā́saḥ¹)
    accusative दूरम् (dūrám) दूरौ (dūraú)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)     		दूरान् (dūrā́n)
    instrumental दूरेण (dūréṇa) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरैः (dūraíḥ)
    दूरेभिः¹ (dūrébhiḥ¹)
    dative दूराय (dūrā́ya) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरेभ्यः (dūrébhyaḥ)
    ablative दूरात् (dūrā́t) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरेभ्यः (dūrébhyaḥ)
    genitive दूरस्य (dūrásya) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूराणाम् (dūrā́ṇām)
    locative दूरे (dūré) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूरेषु (dūréṣu)
    vocative दूर (dū́ra) दूरौ (dū́rau)
    दूरा¹ (dū́rā¹)     		दूराः (dū́rāḥ)
    दूरासः¹ (dū́rāsaḥ¹)
    • ¹Vedic
    Feminine ā-stem declension of दूरा
    singular dual plural
    nominative दूरा (dūrā́) दूरे (dūré) दूराः (dūrā́ḥ)
    accusative दूराम् (dūrā́m) दूरे (dūré) दूराः (dūrā́ḥ)
    instrumental दूरया (dūráyā)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)     		दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूराभिः (dūrā́bhiḥ)
    dative दूरायै (dūrā́yai) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूराभ्यः (dūrā́bhyaḥ)
    ablative दूरायाः (dūrā́yāḥ)
    दूरायै² (dūrā́yai²)     		दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूराभ्यः (dūrā́bhyaḥ)
    genitive दूरायाः (dūrā́yāḥ)
    दूरायै² (dūrā́yai²)     		दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूराणाम् (dūrā́ṇām)
    locative दूरायाम् (dūrā́yām) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूरासु (dūrā́su)
    vocative दूरे (dū́re) दूरे (dū́re) दूराः (dū́rāḥ)
    • ¹Vedic
    • ²Brāhmaṇas
    Neuter a-stem declension of दूर
    singular dual plural
    nominative दूरम् (dūrám) दूरे (dūré) दूराणि (dūrā́ṇi)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)
    accusative दूरम् (dūrám) दूरे (dūré) दूराणि (dūrā́ṇi)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)
    instrumental दूरेण (dūréṇa) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरैः (dūraíḥ)
    दूरेभिः¹ (dūrébhiḥ¹)
    dative दूराय (dūrā́ya) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरेभ्यः (dūrébhyaḥ)
    ablative दूरात् (dūrā́t) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरेभ्यः (dūrébhyaḥ)
    genitive दूरस्य (dūrásya) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूराणाम् (dūrā́ṇām)
    locative दूरे (dūré) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूरेषु (dūréṣu)
    vocative दूर (dū́ra) दूरे (dū́re) दूराणि (dū́rāṇi)
    दूरा¹ (dū́rā¹)
    • ¹Vedic

    Noun

    दूर • (dūrá) stem, n

    1. distance, remoteness
    2. come from afar
    3. long way back or from a remote period

    Declension

    Neuter a-stem declension of दूर
    singular dual plural
    nominative दूरम् (dūrám) दूरे (dūré) दूराणि (dūrā́ṇi)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)
    accusative दूरम् (dūrám) दूरे (dūré) दूराणि (dūrā́ṇi)
    दूरा¹ (dūrā́¹)
    instrumental दूरेण (dūréṇa) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरैः (dūraíḥ)
    दूरेभिः¹ (dūrébhiḥ¹)
    dative दूराय (dūrā́ya) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरेभ्यः (dūrébhyaḥ)
    ablative दूरात् (dūrā́t) दूराभ्याम् (dūrā́bhyām) दूरेभ्यः (dūrébhyaḥ)
    genitive दूरस्य (dūrásya) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूराणाम् (dūrā́ṇām)
    locative दूरे (dūré) दूरयोः (dūráyoḥ) दूरेषु (dūréṣu)
    vocative दूर (dū́ra) दूरे (dū́re) दूराणि (dū́rāṇi)
    दूरा¹ (dū́rā¹)
    • ¹Vedic

    Borrowed terms

    • → Irula: தூர (tūra)
    • → Kannada: ದೂರ (dūra)
    • → Khmer: ទូរ (tuu)
    • → Lao: ໂທລະ (thō la)
    • → Malay: dura
    • → Malayalam: ദൂരം (dūraṁ)
    • → Tamil: தூரம் (tūram)
    • → Telugu: దూరము (dūramu)
    • → Thai: โทร (too-rá-)

    Descendants

    • Dardic:
      • Dameli: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Indus Kohistani: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Kashmiri: دوٗر (dūr)
      • Northeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Northwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Phalura: [script needed] (dhūro)
      • Savi: [script needed] (duro)
      • Shina: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Southeast Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Southwest Pashayi: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Tirahi: [script needed] (dūr)
      • Wotapuri-Katarqalai: [script needed] (dur)
    • Helu Prakrit:
      • Dhivehi: ދުރު (duru)
      • Sinhalese: දුර (dura)
    • Khasa Prakrit:
    • Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
    • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)
    • Pali: dūra
    • Paisaci Prakrit:
      • Takka Apabhramsa:
      • Vracada Apabhramsa:
        • Sindhi: डूरि (ḍūri)
    • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀤𑀽𑀭 (dūra)

    References

    • Monier Williams (1899) “दूर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 489/2.
    • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 739
    • Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “dūrá”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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