dur
Aragonese • Azerbaijani • Catalan • Czech • Dalmatian • Danish • Franco-Provençal • French • Interlingua • Kalasha • Latvian • Lombard • Occitan • Polish • Romani • Romanian • Slovak • Sursurunga • Swedish • Turkish • Welsh
Page categories
English
Etymology 1
From German Dur, from Latin dūrus (“hard, firm, vigorous”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /duːɹ/
Adjective
dur (not comparable)
Further reading
- “dur”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “dur”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
Etymology 2
Of imitative/exclamatory origin, similar to der, duh, derp, etc.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /də(ɹ)/
Interjection
dur
- Alternative form of duh (“indicating stupidity etc.”).
- 2015, Liberty Kratz-Gullickson, Write Like a Girl, page 29:
- "Well, dur. I'm not that stupid, I knew that."
See also
Etymology 3
Noun
dur (plural dur or durs)
- (Belize, slang) A marijuana dealer.
- 2023 June 13, Jules Vasquez, “Who Put Marybeth's Fraudulent Approval on Chester's Desk?”, in 7 News Belize[2]:
- He began to tell me that Marybeth is accused or it is alleged she is one of the dur in Crooked Tree.
Anagrams
Aragonese
Alternative forms
Etymology
Akin to Catalan dur, from Latin dūrus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdu(ɾ)/
- Syllabification: dur
- Rhymes: -u(ɾ)
Adjective
dur (plural durs)
References
- “duro”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)
Azerbaijani
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دور (dūr).
Adjective
| Cyrillic | дур | |
|---|---|---|
| Abjad | دور | |
dur (comparative daha dur, superlative ən dur)
Further reading
- “dur” in Obastan.com.
Catalan
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈdu]
- IPA(key): (Valencia) [ˈduɾ]
Audio (Catalonia): (file) - Rhymes: -u(ɾ)
Etymology 1
Adjective
dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)
Derived terms
Related terms
Etymology 2
Inherited from Latin dūcere, from Proto-Italic *doukō, from Proto-Indo-European *déwketi, from the root *dewk-.
Verb
dur (first-person singular present duc, first-person singular preterite duguí, past participle dut)
Conjugation
| infinitive | dur | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gerund | duent | ||||||
| past participle | masculine | feminine | |||||
| singular | dut | duta | |||||
| plural | duts | dutes | |||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | duc | duus, dus | duu, du | duem | dueu | duen | |
| imperfect | duia | duies | duia | dúiem | dúieu | duien | |
| future | duré | duràs | durà | durem | dureu | duran | |
| preterite | duguí | dugueres | dugué | duguérem | duguéreu | dugueren | |
| conditional | duria | duries | duria | duríem | duríeu | durien | |
| subjunctive | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè |
nosaltres nós |
vosaltres vós |
ells/elles vostès | |
| present | dugui | duguis | dugui | duguem | dugueu | duguin | |
| imperfect | dugués | duguessis | dugués | duguéssim | duguéssiu | duguessin | |
| imperative | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós |
vostès | |
| affirmative | — | duu, du | dugui | duguem | dueu | duguin | |
| negative (no) | — | no duguis | no dugui | no duguem | no dugueu | no duguin | |
In Balearic, second person plural present indicative is duis, first person plural present indicative is duim.
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “dur”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
- “dur”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
- “dur” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “dur” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Czech
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdur]
- Hyphenation: dur
Noun
dur n (indeclinable)
- (music) major
Dalmatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Verb
dur (first-person singular present da, past participle dut)
- to give
Danish
Etymology
From German Dur, from Latin durus (“hard”).
Noun
dur
Antonyms
Franco-Provençal
Etymology
Adjective
dur (feminine dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures) (ORB, broad)
References
- dur in DicoFranPro: Dictionnaire Français/Francoprovençal – on dicofranpro.llm.umontreal.ca
- dur in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French, from Latin dūrus.
Pronunciation
Adjective
dur (feminine dure, masculine plural durs, feminine plural dures)
- hard, tough (difficult to penetrate)
- hard (not soft)
- hard, tough (not easy, difficult)
- harsh (e.g. harsh conditions)
- (art) harsh (of a penstroke)
Derived terms
Adverb
dur
- hard
- travailler dur ― to work hard
Noun
dur m (plural durs)
Noun
dur m (plural durs, feminine dure)
- hard case (tough person)
Further reading
- “dur”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
Interlingua
Adjective
dur (comparative plus dur, superlative le plus dur)
References
Kalasha
Etymology
From Sanskrit द्वार (dvāra), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer- (“door”).
Noun
dur (Arabic دوُر)
Latvian
Verb
dur
- inflection of durt:
- second/third-person singular present indicative
- third-person plural present indicative
- second-person singular imperative
- (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of durt
- (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of durt
Lombard
Alternative forms
- dür (Modern orthography)
Etymology
From Latin dūrus, from Proto-Italic *dūros, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s (“long”), from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Sanskrit दूर (dūrá, “distant, far, long”).
Pronunciation
- (Milan) IPA(key): /dyːr/
Adjective
dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine and feminine plural dur) (Classical Milanese orthography)
References
- Francesco Cherubini, Vocabolario milanese-italiano, Volume 2, 1843, p. 58
Occitan
Etymology
From Latin dūrus. Attested from the 12th century.[1]
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Adjective
dur m (feminine singular dura, masculine plural durs, feminine plural duras)
Derived terms
Related terms
References
- ^ Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 211.
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdur/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ur
- Syllabification: dur
Etymology 1
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *durь.
Noun
dur m inan
- typhus (any of several similar diseases, characterized by high recurrent fever, caused by Rickettsia bacteria)
- Synonym: tyfus
- dur brzuszny ― typhoid fever
- dur plamisty ― epidemic typhus
- dur powrotny ― relapsing fever
- dur rzekomy ― paratyphoid fever
- (literary) daze, stupor, befuddlement (state of confusion caused by some strong stimulus, such as love)
- Synonym: zamroczenie
Declension
Related terms
- durzyć impf
Etymology 2
Noun
dur m inan (indeclinable, related adjective durowy)
Adjective
dur (not comparable, no derived adverb)
Further reading
- dur I in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- dur II in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- dur in Polish dictionaries at PWN
Romani
Etymology
From Sanskrit दूर (dūrá), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *duHrás, from Proto-Indo-European *duh₂-ró-s, from *dweh₂- (“far, long”). Cognate with Hindi दूर (dūr), Bengali দূর (dur), Kamkata-viri bādūř, Persian دور (dur).
Adverb
dur
Romanian
Etymology
Borrowed from French dur, Latin dūrus.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dur/
Adjective
dur m or n (feminine singular dură, masculine plural duri, feminine and neuter plural dure)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | neuter | feminine | masculine | neuter | feminine | |||
| nominative- accusative |
indefinite | dur | dură | duri | dure | |||
| definite | durul | dura | durii | durele | ||||
| genitive- dative |
indefinite | dur | dure | duri | dure | |||
| definite | durului | durei | durilor | durelor | ||||
Related terms
Slovak
Etymology
Borrowed from German Dur, which is based on Latin durus (“hard”).[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [dur]
Noun
dur m inan or n (relational adjective durový)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | dur | dury |
| genitive | duru | durov |
| dative | duru | durom |
| accusative | dur | dury |
| locative | dure | duroch |
| instrumental | durom | durmi |
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | dur | dur |
| genitive | dur | dur |
| dative | dur | dur |
| accusative | dur | dur |
| locative | dur | dur |
| instrumental | dur | dur |
References
- ^ Králik, Ľubor (2016) “dur”, in Stručný etymologický slovník slovenčiny [Concise Etymological Dictionary of Slovak] (in Slovak), Bratislava: VEDA; JÚĽŠ SAV, →ISBN, page 139
Further reading
- “dur”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025
Sursurunga
Adjective
dur
Further reading
- Sursurunga Organised Phonology Data (2011)
- Don Hutchisson, Sursurunga grammar essentials (1975)
Swedish
Etymology
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -ʉːr
Noun
dur c
Related terms
- durackord
- durskala
- durton
- durtonard
References
- dur in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (8th ed., 1923)
Turkish
Verb
dur
- second-person singular imperative of durmak
Welsh
Etymology
From Middle Welsh dur, from Proto-Brythonic *dʉr, from Latin dūrus (“hard”).
Pronunciation
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /dɨːr/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /diːr/
- Rhymes: -ɨːr
- Homophone: dir (South Wales)
Noun
dur m (uncountable)
Derived terms
Adjective
dur (feminine singular dur, plural dur, not comparable)
Mutation
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
|---|---|---|---|
| dur | ddur | nur | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
- D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “dur”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “dur”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies