Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/duHrás

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *duh₂rós (“long, far away”), from *dweh₂-. Cognate with Ancient Greek δηρός (dērós, “long”), Hittite [script needed] (tūwa, “distant, far”), Latin dūrus, Old Armenian երկար (erkar, “long, extended”).

Adjective

*duHrás

distant, far
Antonym: *Hantikás (“near”)
long, remote

Descendants

Proto-Indo-Aryan: *duHrás
- Sanskrit: दूर (dūrá) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Iranian: *duHráh
- Central Iranian:
  - Avestan: 𐬛𐬏𐬭𐬁𐬝 (dūrāt̰, “from afar”), 𐬛𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬉 (dūirē), 𐬛𐬏𐬌𐬭𐬈 (dūⁱre)
- Northeastern Iranian:
  - Pashto: لرې (lëre)
- Southeastern Iranian:
  - Sarikoli: ðar
  - Shughni: ðar
  - → Wakhi: ðir
- Northwestern Iranian:
  - Kurdish:
    Northern Kurdish: dûr
    
    Central Kurdish: دوور (dûr)
    
    Southern Kurdish: دۊر (dür)
    
    Laki: دۊر (dür)
  - Talysh: دور (dur)
  - Zazaki: dur
- Southwestern Iranian:
  - Old Persian: 𐎯𐎢𐎼𐎡𐎹 (du-u-r-i-y /⁠dūraiy⁠/)
    - Middle Persian:
      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (LHYK', dwl /⁠dūr⁠/)
      
      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫇𐫡 (dwr /⁠dūr⁠/)
      - Persian: دور (dur)
      - Tajik: дур (dur)
Proto-Nuristani: *dū́ra
- ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *upadū́řa (< *upadū́rya)
  - Northern Nuristani:
    - Kamkata-viri:
      Kamviri: badǘř
      
      Kativiri: badiúř
- ⇒ Proto-Nuristani: *sudū́ra (“very far”)
  - Southern Nuristani:
    - Ashkun: sëdú (“far”)
    - Tregami: sudú (“far”)
    - Waigali: südi (“far”)