der
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Page categories
Translingual
Symbol
der
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Deori terms
English
Etymology 1
Imitative. Compare dur.
Pronunciation
- enPR: dûr, IPA(key): /dɜː/
Audio (General Australian): (file) - Rhymes: -ɜː
Interjection
der
- (dated outside Australia) Disdainful indication that something is obvious.
- (dated outside Australia) Indication of stupidity.
- 1979, Gabrielle Carey, Kathy Lette, Puberty Blues, page 46:
- `Sprung!' cried Jeff Basin, the local dubbo. 'Oh, der,' moaned Boardie sarcastically.
Synonyms
Etymology 2
Nonstandard spelling of there, reflecting any of a variety of accents with th-stopping.
Alternative forms
Pronunciation
- (African-American Vernacular) enPR: dûr(r) IPA(key): /dɛː(ɹ)/
- Rhymes: -ɛː(ɹ)
- Homophone: dare
Adverb
der (not comparable)
- Nonstandard spelling of there.
Interjection
der
- Nonstandard spelling of there.
Noun
der (uncountable)
- Nonstandard spelling of there.
Pronoun
der
- Nonstandard spelling of there.
Derived terms
Anagrams
Alemannic German
Etymology
From Middle High German dër, from Old High German dër, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.
Article
der
- (definite) the
- 1856, Jacob Maehly, Rhigmurmel. Gedichte in Basler Mundart, page 187f:
- 'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth
Sich widersetze, wenn [...] - In 's Emilies Stammbuech [...]
- 'S Emilie werd im elterlige Roth
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 67:
- Am Tag der Rast, am Tag der Rueh',
Schout gern dem Kinderg'wimmel,
De frohe Kinderspiele zue
's Allvatterherz vum Himmel!- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 98:
- Was host denn 's Teufels?
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 121:
- Ho 's Johrs vum Kind nü Batze g'hett,
Und lützel Garba g'schnitte.- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 140:
- Der Ehstand ist [...]
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 1872, Caspar Hagen, Dichtungen in alemannischer Mundart aus Vorarlberg, page 160:
- Sie nimmt vum Bett de-n-arme Wurm
Und [...]- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Declension
Vorarlberg:
Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||
Nominative | der | d' | des, 's | d' |
Genitive | 's | der | 's | |
Dative | dem | der | dem | de |
Accusative | de de-n- (before a vowel) |
d' | des, 's | d' |
Basel:
Singular | Plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||
Nominative | der | die, d' | 's | die, d' |
Genitive | 's | |||
Dative | dem | der, de | dem | de |
Accusative | de | die, d' | 's | d' |
Chinese
Etymology 1
simp. and trad. (der) |
der |
---|
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: der
- Zhuyin: ˙ㄉㄜㄦ
- Tongyong Pinyin: de̊r
- Wade–Giles: tê5-ʼrh
- Yale: der
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: .de'l
- Palladius: дэр (dɛr)
- Sinological IPA (key): /d̥ɤɻ/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Particle
der
Etymology 2
simp. and trad. (der) |
der | |
---|---|---|
alternative forms | 嘚兒/嘚儿 |
Pronunciation
Rhymes with -eir.
- Hanyu Pinyin: dēr
- IPA: /təɻ⁵⁵/ (Chen, 1985, p. 61)
Noun
der (colloquial)
Determiner
der (colloquial)
Adjective
der (colloquial)
Cornish
Alternative forms
- dre (Used before consonants)
Etymology
From Proto-Brythonic *truɨ, from Proto-Celtic *trei, from Proto-Indo-European *terh₂-.
Preposition
der (triggers soft mutation)
Inflection
singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | dredhov | dredhon | |
2nd person | dredhos | dredhowgh | |
3rd person | m | dredho | dredha |
f | dredhi |
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈdɛr]
- Rhymes: -ɛr
Verb
der
- second-person singular imperative of drát
Danish
Etymology
From Old Norse þar, from Proto-Germanic *þar (“there”), cognate with English there, German da.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɛːˀr/, [ˈd̥ɛˀɐ̯], [ˈd̥eˀɐ̯], (as a pronoun) IPA(key): /dɛr/, [d̥ɑ]
Adverb
der
- there (in or at that place)
References
- “der,1” in Den Danske Ordbog
Pronoun
der
- (dummy pronoun) there (expletive word put in the subject field when the subject is postponed to the predicate field, typically with indefinite subjects or subjectless passive verbs)
- der sad to katte på et bord
- two cats were sitting on a table (lit. "there sat two cats on a table")
- der blev diskuteret vildt
- people were debating vehemently (lit. "there was debated vehemently")
- (relative) who, which, that (introduces relative clauses, only when the pronoun is the subject of the sentence)
- added to interrogative pronouns functioning as the subject of interrogative dependent clauses or exclamative independent clauses
- jeg ved godt, hvem der vinder den flaske
- I know who is going to win that bottle
- hvem der bare havde en hund!
- if only I had a dog
References
- “der,2” in Den Danske Ordbog
- “der,3” in Den Danske Ordbog
Particle
der
- (deictic particle) that (put after a definite noun phrase)
- hun købte bordet der for ingen penge
- she bought that table for no money
Dutch
Pronunciation
- (stressed) IPA(key): /dɛr/
- (unstressed) IPA(key): /dər/
- Hyphenation: der
Etymology 1
Unstressed form of daar (“there”).
Adverb
der
Synonyms
Antonyms
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Article
der
- (archaic) genitive singular feminine of de; of the
- geschiedenis der Nederlandsche taal ― history of the Dutch language
- (archaic) genitive plural of de; of the
- het koninkrijk der Nederlanden ― the kingdom of the Netherlands
- (archaic) dative singular feminine of de
Usage notes
- The distinction of the dative case, which had long been frail and without any basis in actual speech, widely fell out of use over the course of the 19th century. The genitive case, chiefly of the plural, was still productively used in written style in the latter half of the 20th century, especially in order to avoid reduplication of van. However, it has since continuously lost ground and is now reserved to poetic and highly literary language (apart from fixed expressions and surnames).
- The current pronunciation is a spelling pronunciation. Before the word became archaic, it was pronounced with a schwa, /dər/. The original pronunciation with a schwa survives in dialects, e.g. Ripuarian (where the word may be spelled d'r).
Declension
Anagrams
French
Etymology
Clipping of dernier.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛʁ/
Noun
der m or f (plural ders)
- last
- la der des ders (referring to the First World War) ― the war that ends all wars (literally, “the last of the lasts”)
Derived terms
Galician
Verb
der
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar
German
Etymology
From Middle High German dër, from Old High German dër, replacing the original masculine and feminine nominative forms from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection. Compare also Old Dutch thie and Old English sē where the same process occurred.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deːr/, [deːɐ̯], [dɛɐ̯], [dɐ]
- The most common pronunciation is [dɛɐ̯], which is possible in all contexts. The form [deːɐ̯] may be used when the word is stressed. The reduced form [dɐ] occurs chiefly after prepositions and conjunctions. In northern and central German vernaculars, the /d/ may then assimilate to any preceding consonant; so in der, auf der may become [ˈɪnɐ], [ˈaʊ̯fɐ].
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -eːɐ̯
Article
der (definite)
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | des | der | des | der |
dative | dem | der | dem | den |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
Old declension:
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das (older also: daß) |
die |
genitive | des (older also: deß) |
der | des (older also: deß) |
deren or derer, also der |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen, also den |
accusative | den | die | das (older also: daß) |
die |
This older declension is not used anymore.
For examples see Citations:der.
Derived terms
Article
der
- inflection of der:
- nominative masculine singular
- genitive/dative feminine singular
- genitive plural
Pronoun
der m (relative)
Usage notes
In a subordinate clause, indicates a person or thing referenced in the main clause. Used with masculine singular referents.
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren derer |
dessen | deren derer |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
- See deren for usage notes on derer and deren.
- Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
Old declension:
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das older also: daß |
die |
genitive | dessen older also: deß, des |
deren older also: der, dero |
dessen older also: deß, des |
derer also: deren older also: dero |
dative | dem older also: deme |
der | dem older also: deme |
denen |
accusative | den | die | das older also: daß |
die |
Pronoun
der f (relative)
Pronoun
der (demonstrative)
- (attributive, stressed) that
- Der Mann war es! ― It was that man!
- (indicative) him, he
- Der hat es getan! ― It was him who did it!
- (differential) the one, him
- Der mit dem Mantel ― The one with the coat
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren derer |
dessen | deren derer |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
- See deren for usage notes on derer and deren.
- Modern grammar books mention the colloquial genitive plural form der.
Old declension:
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das older also: daß |
die |
genitive | dessen older also: deß, des |
deren older also: der, dero |
dessen older also: deß, des |
derer also: deren older also: dero |
dative | dem older also: deme |
der | dem older also: deme |
denen |
accusative | den | die | das older also: daß |
die |
Pronoun
der f (demonstrative)
Further reading
- “der” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “der” in Duden online
- “der, die, das (bestimmte Artikel)” in Duden online
Hunsrik
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /tɐ/
Pronoun
der
- unstressed dative of du
Inflection
nominative | accusative | dative | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
proclitic | enclitic | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | |||
singular | 1st person | ich eich |
-ich | mich meich |
meer | mer m'r | ||
2nd person (informal) |
du dau/Dau |
-du, -de -Dau, -De |
dich deich/Deich |
deer | der d'r/D'r | |||
3rd person |
m | er; där | -er | ihn | en | ihm | em | |
f | sie; die | -se | sie / ihns | se | eer ehr |
re | ||
n | es; das et, 't |
's | es et |
-et, -'t |
ihm | em | ||
plural | 1st person | meer | mer | uns uhs | ||||
2nd person | deer Ehr, Dehr |
der | eich Auch | |||||
3rd person | sie; die | -se | sie | se | denne |
Further reading
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈdɛr]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈd̪ɛr]
Verb
der
- first-person singular present passive subjunctive of dō
Limburgish
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Middle Dutch der, unstressed form of dāer, from Old Dutch thar, from Proto-West Germanic *þār, from Proto-Germanic *þar.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dæʀ/
- Hyphenation: der
- Rhymes: -æʀ
Adverb
der
Synonyms
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /der/, [dɐ]
Etymology 1
From Middle High German der.
In the masculine singular, der was originally nominative and den was accusative. This case distinction, which still exists in Standard German, was then lost in Luxembourgish. Why the form der was reassigned to usage with taboo words seems unexplained.
Determiner
der
- unstressed form of där
- (archaic outside idioms) alternative form of den (masculine definite article) used with certain taboo words, especially Däiwel (“devil”) and Doud (“death”)
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
dative | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
genitive | der |
Etymology 2
Pronoun
der
- unstressed form of dir
Declension
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | ||||||
singular | 1st person | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | |||
2nd person | informal | du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | |||
formal | Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | ||||
3rd person | m | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |||
f | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | ||||
n | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | ||||
plural | 1st person | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | |||
2nd person | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | ||||
3rd person | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
Etymology 3
Fossiled genitive plural of the demonstrative pronoun (see deen). Cognate with German derer (only optionally and rarely so used), Dutch er (used as in Luxembourgish).
Adverb
der
- Used with numbers that refer back to a previously named noun; compare French en, Dutch er.
- Ech hunn zwee Kanner an hien huet der dräi.
- I have two children and he has three.
- (Can we date this quote?), “Zwou Bulle Mokka”, performed by Fausti:
- Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou sou séiss wéi Zocker.
Zwou Bulle Mokka, do fäls de bal vum Hocker.
Zwou Bulle Mokka, zwou Bulle man dech frou,
Well et sinn der zwou – esou.- Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar.
Two scoops of mocha, you almost fall off your stool.
Two scoops of mocha, two scoops make you happy,
Because they’re two – just like that.
Or: Because it’s two of them – just like that.
- Two scoops of mocha, two as sweet as sugar.
Middle Dutch
Article
der
- inflection of die:
- feminine genitive/dative singular
- genitive plural
Adverb
der
- unstressed form of dāer
Middle High German
Etymology
Inherited from Old High German dër, from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.
Pronoun
dër
- (definite article) the
- alliu diu freude, die diu werlt hat
- all the joy that the world has
- (relative) who, which, that
Declension
singular | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | dër | diu | daȥ | |
genitive | dës | dër, dëre | dës | |
dative | dëm, dëme | dër, dëre | dëm, dëme | |
accusative | dën | die | daȥ | |
instrumental | – | – | diu | |
plural | ||||
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | die | diu | ||
genitive | dër, dëre | |||
dative | dën | |||
accusative | die | diu |
Descendants
Mòcheno
Etymology
From Middle High German der, from Old High German der, ther, from Proto-Germanic *þa, an alteration of *sa. Cognate with German der, English the.
Article
der (feminine de, neuter s, plural de)
- the, nominative singular masculine definite article
References
- “der” in Cimbrian, Ladin, Mòcheno: Getting to know 3 peoples. 2015. Servizio minoranze linguistiche locali della Provincia autonoma di Trento, Trento, Italy.
Northern Kurdish
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *dʰwer-. Compare English door, Persian در (dar), Ossetian дуар (dwar), Avestan 𐬛𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬨 (duuarəm), Russian дверь (dverʹ).
Adverb
der
Noun
der f
Synonyms
Norwegian Bokmål
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dæːr/
- Rhymes: -ɛɾ
Adverb
der
Derived terms
References
- “der” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian Nynorsk
Etymology 1
From Old Norse þar. Akin to English there.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dæːr/, /deːr/
Adverb
der
Derived terms
Etymology 2
From Middle Norwegian *þiðr, whence also dere. Borrowed from Old East Norse iðʀ with added þ-, similar to þit from hafið it.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deːɾ/
Pronoun
der
References
- “der” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old High German
Alternative forms
Etymology
Derived from Proto-Germanic *sa, by analogy with the adjective inflection.
Pronoun
dër
Declension
Declension of dër | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | ||||
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||
nominative | dër | diu | daȥ | |
genitive | dës | dëra (dëru, dëro) | dës | |
dative | dëmu, dëmo | dëru, dëro | dëmu, dëmo | |
accusative | dën | dea, dia (die) | daȥ | |
instrumental | diu | |||
diu | ||||
Plural | ||||
Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | ||
nominative | dê, dea, dia, die | deo, dio | diu (dei) | |
genitive | dëro | |||
dative | dêm | |||
accusative | dê, dea, dia, die | deo, dio | diu (dei) |
Descendants
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛɐ̯/
Article
der m (definite)
Declension
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |||
nominative | der | die | es | die | |
dative | dem, em | der | dem, em | de | |
accusative | der, den | die | es | die |
Article
der
- inflection of der:
- dative feminine singular
- accusative masculine singular
Pronoun
der
Declension
Number | singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person/ Gender |
1st | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||
familiar | polite/formal | m | f | n | |||||
nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie |
1 unstressed
Pronoun
der
Declension
Number | singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person/ Gender |
1st | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | |||
familiar | polite/formal | m | f | n | |||||
nominative | ich | du de1 |
dihr der1 Sie |
er | sie se1 |
es | mir mer1 |
dihr der1 |
sie |
dative | mir mer1 |
dir der1 |
eich Ihne Ne1 |
ihm em1 |
ihre re1 |
ihm em1 |
uns | eich | ihne ne1 |
accusative | mich | dich | eich Sie |
ihn en1 |
sie se1 |
es | sie |
1 unstressed
Portuguese
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(h)]
- (São Paulo) IPA(key): /ˈdɛ(ɾ)/
- (Rio de Janeiro) IPA(key): /ˈdɛ(ʁ)/ [ˈdɛ(χ)]
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈdɛ(ɻ)/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈdɛɾ/
- (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈdɛ.ɾi/
Verb
der
- first/third-person singular future subjunctive of dar
Swedish
Adverb
der
- obsolete spelling of där
Anagrams
Turkish
Verb
der
- third-person singular indicative aorist of demek
West Frisian
Adverb
der
- there (unspecific to distance)
- Der binne trije Fryske talen
- There are three Frisian languages.
Further reading
- “der (I)”, in Wurdboek fan de Fryske taal (in Dutch), 2011
Wolof
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
der (definite form der wi)