啊

啊 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 口弓中口 (RNLR), four-corner 6102₀, composition ⿰口阿)

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 195, character 4
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3808
• Dae Jaweon: page 416, character 5
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 634, character 18
• Unihan data for U+554A

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 阿 (OC *qaːl).

啊

1. Used as an initial interjection particle to express surprise. ah, oh, ha

   啊！我又贏了！ [MSC, trad.]
   啊！我又赢了！ [MSC, simp.]

   Ā! Wǒ yòu yíng le! [Pinyin]

   Ha! I've won again!

2. (Taiwanese Hokkien) Used as an initial interjection particle to raise a topic or change the mood. ah, oh, huh

• → English: ah (Singapore, Malaysia)

啊

1. Used as a final particle to indicate, focus on, or exclaim a topic, subject, declaration, and acts as a filler pause especially when enumerating or changing topic.

   Synonym: 啦 (--la / --lah) (Hokkien)

   我食飽囉啊。 [Philippine Hokkien, trad.]
   我食饱啰啊。 [Philippine Hokkien, simp.]

   Góa chia̍h-pá--lo͘--a. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

   I've eaten already, okay. / I'm full now, alright.

   底時啊？／底时啊？ [Hokkien]  ―  Tī-sî--a? [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  When, alright?

   • 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 闲人马大姐, episode 57, 蔡明 (actor):

     得得得，谢谢您啊。 [MSC, simp.]
     得得得，謝謝您啊。 [MSC, trad.]

     Dé dé dé, xièxie nín ā /ä̃⁵⁵/. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 你多乖呀，你是媽媽最乖的孩子了，啊！ [MSC, trad.]
     你多乖呀，你是妈妈最乖的孩子了，啊！ [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2004, 《家有儿女》, episode 13

     Nǐ duó guāi ya, nǐ shì māma zuì guāi de háizi le, ā! [Pinyin]

     You're so good, you're your mother's most obedient child, huh?!

2. Used as a final particle to express exhortation.

   好孩子，乖，聽話，啊！別哭了，啊！ [MSC, trad.]
   好孩子，乖，听话，啊！别哭了，啊！ [MSC, simp.]

   Hǎo háizi, guāi, tīnghuà, ā! Bié kū le, ā! [Pinyin]

   Good boy, be good, be obedient okay?! Don't cry okay?!

   • 2000, 梁左 and 梁欢, 闲人马大姐, episode 4, 蔡明 (actor):

     哎导演啊，呃，你让他们把那个机器支好了，我想到哪就说到哪，啊。 [MSC, simp.]
     哎導演啊，呃，你讓他們把那個機器支好了，我想到哪就說到哪，啊。 [MSC, trad.]

     Āi dǎoyǎn a, e, nǐ ràng tāmen bǎ nèi ge jīqì zhī hǎo lao, wǒ xiǎng dào nǎr jiù shuō dào nǎr, ā /ä̃⁵⁵/. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • 哎，你什麼時候抽空兒給我們佳佳複習複習功課，讓她提高提高學習水平啊！ [MSC, trad.]
     哎，你什么时候抽空儿给我们佳佳复习复习功课，让她提高提高学习水平啊！ [MSC, simp.]

     From: 2004, 《家有儿女》, episode 15

     Āi, nǐ shénme shíhou chōu kòngr gěi wǒmen Jiājia fùxí fùxí gōngkè, ràng tā tígāo tígāo xuéxí shuǐpíng ā! [Pinyin]

     Hey, when you take the time to give our Jiajia review homework, let her improve her studies, eh?!

3. Used as a final particle to seek for listener's confirmation.

   那我打過去了啊。 [MSC, trad.]
   那我打过去了啊。 [MSC, simp.]

   Nà wǒ dǎ guoqu le ā. [Pinyin]

   In that case, I guess I'll go now, okay.

• → English: ah (Singapore, Malaysia)

啊

1. Used to indicate doubt or questioning. what?, huh?, eh

   啊？你說什麼？ [MSC, trad.]
   啊？你说什么？ [MSC, simp.]

   Á? Nǐ shuō shénme? [Pinyin]

   Huh? What did you say?

啊

1. Used to indicate puzzled surprise. what? oh? huh?

   啊！真有這事兒？ [MSC, trad.]
   啊！真有这事儿？ [MSC, simp.]

   Ǎ! Zhēn yǒu zhè shìr? [Pinyin]

   What? Is that really so?

啊

1. Used to indicate agreement/approval. ah

   啊，好吧。  ―  À, hǎo ba.  ―  Well, OK.

啊

1. Sentence-final particle expressing surprise.

   你不來啊？／你不来啊？  ―  Nǐ bù lái a?  ―  So you're not coming?

2. Sentence-final particle expressing exclamation, excitement or enthusiasm.

   多好的天兒啊！／多好的天儿啊！  ―  Duō hǎo de tiānr a!  ―  What a fine day!

   謝謝啊／谢谢啊  ―  xièxiè a  ―  Thanks.

3. Sentence-final particle softening the request.

   老王啊，這可不行啊！ [MSC, trad.]
   老王啊，这可不行啊！ [MSC, simp.]

   Lǎo Wáng a, zhè kě bùxíng a! [Pinyin]

   Wang, this won't do!

4. Used in enumerations, for confirmation (often untranslated).

   錢啊，書啊，表啊，我都丟了。 [MSC, trad.]
   钱啊，书啊，表啊，我都丢了。 [MSC, simp.]

   Qián a, shū a, biǎo a, wǒ dōu diū le. [Pinyin]

   Money, books, watch, I lost everything.

5. on and on, continuously

In Standard Mandarin, this toneless particle is found in complementary distribution with several other particles, governed by the nature of the preceding syllable. However, this distinction is not strictly reflected in writing, and 啊 tends to an all-encompassing particle. Thus it may carry the pronunciation of any of its variants below in actual speech:

• -ng, ci, zi, si, chi, zhi, shi + [a] → 啊 (a)
• -a, -o, -e, -i, -ü + [a] → 呀 (ya)
• -u, -ao + [a] → 哇 (wa)
• -n + [a] → 哪 (na)

• (Cantonese) 呀

From 下 (ha) (Chiang, 2013).

啊

1. (Hakka) Used between a verb and a complement to indicate that something has happened within a short time and/or is immediately followed by another event.
   • 2015, 黃瑋傑, “天光日”, in 《天光。日》‎^[1], performed by 黃瑋傑:

     1998年　𠊎出外讀書毋知遠　歸啊到屋下　就領到一領衫 [Sixian Hakka, trad.]
     1998年　𠊎出外读书毋知远　归啊到屋下　就领到一领衫 [Sixian Hakka, simp.]

     1998 ngiàn, ngài chhut-ngoi thu̍k-sû m̀ tî yán, kûi-a-to vuk-hâ, chhiu liâng to yit liâng sâm [Pha̍k-fa-sṳ]

     In 1998, I went away from home to study faraway. Once I went back home, I got a shirt.

• “啊”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2025.

(Hyōgai kanji)

1. Exclamatory particle

• Go-on: あ (a)
• Kan-on: あ (a)
• Kun: こえ (koe, 啊)^{←こゑ (kowe, 啊, historical)}

啊 • (a) (hangeul 아, revised a, McCune–Reischauer a)

1. love

• 啞 (ạ)^[1]
• 亞 (a)^[1]

啊: Hán Việt readings: a^[2][3]
啊: Nôm readings: a^[4][1], à^[4][1], ơ^[2], ạ^[1]

啊

1. chữ Nôm form of a (“Used in the beginning of a sentence to indicate questioning: ah, oh, ha”)

   啊困碎！ ― A khốn tôi ! ― Ha! I'm so unlucky!