dem
Albanian • Catalan • Chinese • Danish • Galician • German • Gullah • Irish • Jamaican Creole • Latin • Luxembourgish • Nigerian Pidgin • Northern Kurdish • Norwegian Bokmål • Pennsylvania German • Pitcairn-Norfolk • Swedish • Turkish • Wolof • Zazaki • Zhuang
Page categories
Translingual
Etymology
Symbol
dem
See also
- Wiktionary’s coverage of Dem terms
English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛm/
Audio (Southern England): (file)
- Rhymes: -ɛm
Pronoun
dem
- Nonstandard form of them.
- 2007 February 25, Sia Michel, “Stephen Marley in Tallahassee, M.I.A. in India and Klaxons on Fire”, in New York Times[2]:
- Go tell dem natty dreadlocks no wear handcuff,” advises Damian Marley, his guest star and younger brother, who accuses the officers of jealousy.
Determiner
dem
- Nonstandard form of them, in the sense of "those".
- What are dem fings doing ’ere?
- (Caribbean, Jamaica, MLE, slang) (clitic, suffix) A group of.
- 1956, “Give Her Love”, performed by Chin’s Calypso Sextet:
- Love tenderness is what the woman dem want
- 2009, Dizzee Rascal, Chillin' Wiv Da Man Dem:
- Chillin' wiv da man dem
Jammin' wiv da man dem
It's all good in the hood wiv da man dem
- 2010, Plan B, Stay Too Long:
- I’ve got my peeps dem with me shouting pull up your socks,
Cos we just broke the law and now we're running from cops.
Derived terms
Anagrams
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *dama, from Proto-Indo-European *dm̥h₂ós (“bull”) (compare Irish damh, Ancient Greek δάμαλος (dámalos, “calf”)), from *demh₂- (“to tame”) (compare Latin domō, English tame).[1]
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Noun
dem m (plural dema, definite demi, definite plural demat)
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | dem | demi | dema | demat |
accusative | demin | |||
dative | demi | demit | demave | demave |
ablative | demash |
Synonyms
References
- ^ Orel, Vladimir E. (2000) A concise historical grammar of the Albanian language: reconstruction of Proto-Albanian[1], Leiden, Boston, Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 48
Further reading
- “dem”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
- FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language][3], 1980
- Newmark, L. (1999) “dem”, in Oxford Albanian-English Dictionary[4]
Catalan
Verb
dem
- inflection of dar:
- first-person plural present indicative/subjunctive
- first-person plural imperative
Chinese
Etymology 1
From clipping of English demonstrate.
Pronunciation
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: dem1
- Cantonese Pinyin: dem1
- Guangdong Romanization: dém1
- Sinological IPA (key): /tɛːm⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
dem
- (Hong Kong Cantonese, colloquial) to demonstrate; to show; to perform
Derived terms
- dem beat
Etymology 2
From clipping of English Democrat.
Proper noun
dem
- (Internet slang, US Politics) The Democratic Party in the United States.
- (Internet slang, US Politics) A member or supporter of the Democratic Party in the United States.
Danish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛm/, [ˈd̥ɛm], [d̥ɛm], [d̥m̩], [pm̩]
Pronoun
dem (nominative de, possessive deres)
- them (3rd person plural, objective case)
See also
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | mig | min | mit | mine |
Second | modern / informal | du | dig | din | dit | dine | |
formal (uncommon) | De | Dem | Deres | ||||
Third | masculine (person) | han | ham | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hun | hende | hendes | ||||
common (noun) | den | dens | |||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | |||||
indefinite | man | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | – | sig | sin | sit | sine | ||
Plural | First | modern | vi | os | vores | ||
archaic / formal | vor | vort | vore | ||||
Second | – | I | jer | jeres | |||
Third | – | de | dem | deres | |||
reflexive | – | sig |
Galician
Verb
dem
- (reintegrationist norm) inflection of dar:
- third-person plural present subjunctive
- third-person plural imperative
German
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /deːm/ (stressed) (for the pronoun)
- IPA(key): /dem/, /dəm/, /dm̩/ (unstressed) (for the article)
Audio: (file) Audio: (file)
Article
dem
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | des | der | des | der |
dative | dem | der | dem | den |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
Pronoun
dem (relative)
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | ||
nominative | der | die | das | die |
genitive | dessen | deren derer |
dessen | deren derer |
dative | dem | der | dem | denen |
accusative | den | die | das | die |
Derived terms
Further reading
Gullah
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɪm/
Particle
dem
- (post-positional) plural marker
Pronoun
dem
- (third-person plural object-oblique) them
- (demonstrative) those
Inflection
Number | singular | plural | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
puss'n | subject | object-oblique | subject | object-oblique |
fus | Uh, A1 |
me | we | |
sekint | yuh, ya1 | oonuh, oona1 | ||
tud | e, i1 |
um | dey | dem |
1 alternate spelling
References
- Virginia Mixson Geraty, Gulluh fuh oonuh: Gullah for You (1997)
- Lorenzo Dow Turner, Africanisms in the Gullah Dialect (1969)
- Seminole Indian Scouts Cemetery Association. Afro-Seminole Creole Wikitongues Language Class
- David B. Frank. Gullah Grammar Sketch
Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dʲɛmˠ/
Contraction
dem (triggers lenition)
- (Munster) contraction of de mo (“from my”)
- Chrochas dem ghualainn é.
- I suspended it from my shoulder.
Related terms
Basic form | Contracted with | Copular forms | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
an (“the sg”) | na (“the pl”) | mo (“my”) | do (“your”) | a (“his, her, their; which (present)”) | ár (“our”) | ar (“which (past)”) | (before consonant) | (present/future before vowel) | (past/conditional before vowel) | |
de (“from”) | den | de na desna* |
de mo dem* |
de do ded*, det* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
do (“to, for”) | don | do na dosna* |
do mo dom* |
do do dod*, dot* |
dá | dár | dar | darb | darbh | |
faoi (“under, about”) | faoin | faoi na | faoi mo | faoi do | faoina | faoinár | faoinar | faoinarb | faoinarbh | |
i (“in”) | sa, san | sna | i mo im* |
i do id*, it* |
ina | inár | inar | inarb | inarbh | |
le (“with”) | leis an | leis na | le mo lem* |
le do led*, let* |
lena | lenár | lenar | lenarb | lenarbh | |
ó (“from, since”) | ón | ó na ósna* |
ó mo óm* |
ó do ód*, ót* |
óna | ónár | ónar | ónarb | ónarbh | |
trí (“through”) | tríd an | trí na | trí mo | trí do | trína | trínár | trínar | trínarb | trínarbh | |
*Dialectal. |
Jamaican Creole
Etymology
Pronunciation
Pronoun
dem
Derived terms
Related terms
Particle
dem
- (postpositive) placed after a noun phrase to mark it as plural; -s
- mi fren dem ― my friends
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈdẽː]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈd̪ɛm]
Verb
dem
- first-person singular present active subjunctive of dō
Luxembourgish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dem/, [dəm]
Determiner
dem m
- unstressed form of deem
Declension
singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nom./acc. | deen (den) | déi (d') | dat (d') | déi (d') |
dative | deem (dem) | där (der) | deem (dem) | deen (den) |
genitive | der |
Nigerian Pidgin
Etymology
Pronoun
dem
- them, they
- 2025 April 23, Orla Guerin, “More dan 150 pipo injure as earthquakes shake buildings for Turkey Istanbul”, in BBC News Pidgin[5]:
- For now, no immediate reports of casualties or wider damage, but Istanbul officials say dem dey check buildings, den warn pipo to stay clear of potentially-damaged sites.
- For now, there are no immediate reports of casualties or wider damage, but Istanbul officials say they are checking buildings, then warning people to stay clear of potentially damaged sites.
Northern Kurdish
Etymology
Compare Persian دم (dam, “breathe, moment”).
Noun
dem f
Norwegian Bokmål
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛm/
Pronoun
dem
See also
Number | Person | Type | Nominative | Oblique | Possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
feminine | masculine | neuter | plural | |||||
Singular | First | – | jeg | meg | mi | min | mitt | mine |
Second | general | du | deg | di | din | ditt | dine | |
formal (rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | feminine (person) | hun | henne | hennes | ||||
masculine (person) | han | ham / han | hans | |||||
feminine (noun) | den | dens | ||||||
masculine (noun) | ||||||||
neuter (noun) | det | dets | ||||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine | ||
Plural | First | – | vi | oss | vår | vårt | våre | |
Second | general | dere | deres | |||||
formal (very rare) | De | Dem | Deres | |||||
Third | general | de | dem | deres | ||||
reflexive | – | seg | si | sin | sitt | sine |
Pennsylvania German
Etymology
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /dɛm/
Article
dem (definite)
Declension
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
m | f | n | |||
nominative | der | die | es | die | |
dative | dem, em | der | dem, em | de | |
accusative | der, den | die | es | die |
Pitcairn-Norfolk
Etymology
Pronoun
dem
References
- Speak Norfolk Today: an Encyclopaedia of the Norfolk Island Language, by Alice Buffett, 1999.
Swedish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈdɔm/
- Homophone: de
- Rhymes: -ɔm
Pronoun
dem (third-person plural)
Usage notes
In most dialects, de (“they”) and dem (“them”) are no longer distinguished in speech. They are regularly mixed up in writing by native speakers, due to lack of grammatical intuition. The article de is often mixed up with dem as well.
Declension
Number | Person | nominative | oblique | possessive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
common | neuter | plural | |||||
singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina |
See also
Article
dem
- misspelling of de
Anagrams
Turkish
Etymology 1
Cognate with Old Turkic [script needed] (tam-), from Proto-Turkic *tem- (“to drip”).
Noun
dem
Etymology 2
From Ottoman Turkish دم (dem), from Persian دم (dam).
Noun
dem (obsolete, poetic)
Synonyms
Etymology 3
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish دم, from Arabic دَم (dam).[1]
Noun
dem
- (obsolete, poetic) blood
Synonyms
References
- ^ Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “dem2”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
Wolof
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Verb
dem
- to go
Conjugation
present | imperfect | pluperfect | future | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | damay dem | dama doon dem | demoon naa | dinaa dem |
2nd person singular | dangay dem | danga doon dem | demoon nga | dinga dem |
3rd person singular | dafay dem | dafa doon dem | demoon na | dina dem |
1st person plural | dañuy dem | dañu doon dem | demoon nañu | dinañu dem |
2nd person plural | dangeen dem | dangeen doon dem | demoon ngeen | dingeen dem |
3rd person plural | deñuy dem | deñu doon dem | demoon nañu | dinañu dem |
imperative | ||||
singular | demal! | |||
plural | demleen! |
References
Omar Ka (2018) Nanu Dégg Wolof, National African Language Resource Center, →ISBN, page 100
Zazaki
Etymology
Related to Northern Kurdish dem.
Noun
dem
Zhuang
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /teːm˨˦/
- Tone numbers: dem1
- Hyphenation: dem
Verb
dem (Sawndip form 𣷹, 1957–1982 spelling dem)
- to add