erat
See also: erät
Indonesian
Etymology
Inherited from Malay erat, from Proto-Malayic *ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /əˈrat/ [əˈrat̪̚]
- Rhymes: -at
- Syllabification: e‧rat
Adjective
êrat
Derived terms
- dieratkan
- dipererat
- erat-erat
- mempererat
- mengeratkan
Further reading
- “erat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): [ˈɛ.rat]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): [ˈɛː.rat̪]
Verb
erat
- third-person singular imperfect active indicative of sum
Descendants
Malay
Etymology
From Proto-Malayic *ərət, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *həʀət, from Proto-Austronesian *SəʀəC (“to bind tightly; belt”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ərat/
- Rhymes: -rat, -at
Adverb
erat (Jawi spelling ارت)
Adjective
erat (Jawi spelling ارت)
- tight, firm
- Saya memegang erat tangan anak saya semasa kami melintasi jalan yang sibuk itu.
- I kept a firm hold of my daughter’s hand as we crossed the busy street.
- Dia berasa selamat dalam pelukannya yang erat.
- She felt safe in his firm embrace.
Derived terms
Affixed terms and other derivations
Regular affixed derivations:
- pengerat [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure] (peN-)
- pengeratan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
- keeratan [abstract / locative] (ke-an)
- mengerat [agent focus] (meN-)
- mengeratkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
- dierat [patient focus] (di-)
- dieratkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
- mempererat [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
- dipererat [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
- erat-erat [reduplication] (redup)
Descendants
- Indonesian: erat
Further reading
- “erat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.
Swedish
Pronoun
erat n
- (possessive, informal) alternative form of ert (“your, yours”)
Usage notes
Common in casual speech.
Declension
| Number | Person | nominative | oblique | possessive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| common | neuter | plural | |||||
| singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
| second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
| third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
| feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
| gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
| common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
| neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
| indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
| reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
| plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
| second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
| archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
| third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
| reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
1Neologism. Usage has increased since 2010, though it remains limited.
2Informal
3Colloquial pronunciation spelling.
4Dialectal, also used lately as an alternative to man, to avoid association to the male gender.
5Informal, somewhat dialectal
6Formal address
7Discouraged by the Swedish Language Council
References
Anagrams
Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Ottoman Turkish [Term?], equivalent to er (“soldier”) + -at
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /eˈɾɑt/, [e̞ˈɾ̞ɑt̪]
- Rhymes: -ɑt
- Hyphenation: e‧rat
Noun
erat (definite accusative eratı, uncountable)
References
- “erat”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “erat”, in Nişanyan Sözlük