sina
Breton
Verb
sina
- to signal
Cebuano
Verb
sina
- to envy; to be envious
Estonian
Etymology 1
From Proto-Finnic *cinä, from Proto-Uralic *tinä.
Pronoun
sina (genitive sinu, partitive sind)
- you (informal, sg)
Usage notes
Singular short forms of cases other than nominative, genitive and the locative cases exist, but they are considered nonstandard or dialectal. For example the short form of the singular comitative would be suga.
Declension
| Declension of sina | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2nd person | singular | plural | ||
| long | short | long | short | |
| nominative | sina | sa | teie | te |
| genitive | sinu | su | teie | te |
| partitive | sind | teid | ||
| illative | sinusse | susse | teisse | |
| inessive | sinus | sus | teis | |
| elative | sinust | sust | teist | |
| allative | sinule | sulle | teile | |
| adessive | sinul | sul | teil | |
| ablative | sinult | sult | teilt | |
| translative | sinuks | – | teieks | teiks |
| terminative | sinuni | – | teieni | – |
| essive | sinuna | – | teiena | – |
| abessive | sinuta | – | teieta | – |
| comitative | sinuga | suga | teiega | – |
See also
| Estonian personal pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | ||||
| long | short | long | short | ||
| 1st person | mina | ma | meie | me | |
| 2nd person | familiar | sina | sa | teie | te |
| polite | Teie | Te | |||
| 3rd person | animate | tema | ta | nemad | nad |
| inanimate | see | need | |||
Etymology 2
From Proto-Finnic *sini. Cognate with Finnish sini.
Noun
sina (genitive sina, partitive sina)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | sina | sinad |
| genitive | sina | sinade |
| partitive | sina | sinasid |
| illative | sinasse | sinadesse |
| inessive | sinas | sinades |
| elative | sinast | sinadest |
| allative | sinale | sinadele |
| adessive | sinal | sinadel |
| ablative | sinalt | sinadelt |
| translative | sinaks | sinadeks |
| terminative | sinani | sinadeni |
| essive | sinana | sinadena |
| abessive | sinata | sinadeta |
| comitative | sinaga | sinadega |
Franco-Provençal
Pronoun
sina
- feminine singular of sin
Galician
Etymology
From Old Galician-Portuguese sina (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Latin signa, plural of Latin signum.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈsinɐ]
Noun
sina f (plural sinas)
References
- Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “sina”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “sina”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “sina”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “sina”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Icelandic
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsɪːna/
- Rhymes: -ɪːna
Etymology 1
Noun
sina f (genitive singular sinu, nominative plural sinur)
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sina | sinan | sinur | sinurnar |
| accusative | sinu | sinuna | sinur | sinurnar |
| dative | sinu | sinunni | sinum | sinunum |
| genitive | sinu | sinunnar | sina | sinanna |
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Noun
sina f
- indefinite genitive plural of sin
Anagrams
Kari'na
Etymology
Compare Apalaí xina, Trió ina.
Pronunciation
Noun
sina (possessed sinary)
References
- Courtz, Hendrik (2008) A Carib grammar and dictionary[1], Toronto: Magoria Books, →ISBN, page 369
- Ahlbrinck, Willem (1931) “sińarï”, in Encyclopaedie der Karaïben, Amsterdam: Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, page 437; republished as Willem Ahlbrinck, Doude van Herwijnen, transl., L'Encyclopédie des Caraïbes[2], Paris, 1956, page 427
Ludian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *cinä.
Pronoun
sina
- you (singular)
Old English
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsiː.nɑ/
Pronoun
sīna
- nominative/accusative feminine plural of sīn
Old Norse
Etymology 1
From Proto-Germanic *senawō.
Alternative forms
Noun
sina f (genitive sinu)
Declension
| feminine | singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sina | sinan | sinur | sinurnar |
| accusative | sinu | sinuna | sinur | sinurnar |
| dative | sinu | sinunni | sinum | sinunum |
| genitive | sinu | sinunnar | sina | sinanna |
Descendants
Etymology 2
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
sina f (genitive sinu)
- whithered grass
Descendants
- Icelandic: sina
Further reading
- Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “sina”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive
Old Swedish
Etymology
Noun
sina f
Declension
| singular | plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
| nominative | sina | sinan | sinu(r), -o(r) | sinuna(r), -ona(r) |
| accusative | sinu, -o | sinuna, -ona | sinu(r), -o(r) | sinuna(r), -ona(r) |
| dative | sinu, -o | sinunni, -onne | sinum, -om | sinumin, -omen |
| genitive | sinu, -o | sinunna(r), -onna(r) | sina | sinanna |
Descendants
- Swedish: sena
Polish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈɕi.na/
Audio: (file) - Rhymes: -ina
- Syllabification: si‧na
Adjective
sina
- feminine nominative/vocative singular of siny
Portuguese
Etymology
From Latin signa, from signum. Doublet of senha
Pronunciation
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈsĩ.nɐ/
- (Southern Brazil) IPA(key): /ˈsi.na/
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈsi.nɐ/
- Hyphenation: si‧na
Noun
sina f (plural sinas)
Samoan
Adjective
sina
Serbo-Croatian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *sěnь.
Noun
sina f (Cyrillic spelling сина)
Sidamo
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsina/
- Hyphenation: si‧na
Noun
sina m (singulative sincho m, plural sinna f)
- (collective) branches
Declension
| unmodified | modified | |
|---|---|---|
| predicative | sina | |
| nominative | sinu | sini |
| genitive | sinu*) | sini*) |
| dative | sinaho | sinira |
| accusative | sina*) | |
| ablative | sinunni | sininni |
*) Stressed on the final vowel.
References
- Kazuhiro Kawachi (2007) A grammar of Sidaama (Sidamo), a Cushitic language of Ethiopia, page 345
- Gizaw Shimelis, editor (2007), “sina”, in Sidaama-Amharic-English dictionary, Addis Ababa: Sidama Information and Culture department
Swahili
Verb
sina
Swedish
Alternative forms
- ſina (obsolete typography)
Pronunciation
Audio: (file)
Pronoun
sina
- plural of sin
Declension
| Number | Person | nominative | oblique | possessive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| common | neuter | plural | |||||
| singular | first | — | jag | mig, mej3 | min | mitt | mina |
| second | — | du | dig, dej3 | din | ditt | dina | |
| third | masculine (person) | han | honom, han2, en5 | hans | |||
| feminine (person) | hon | henne, na5 | hennes | ||||
| gender-neutral (person)1 | hen | hen, henom7 | hens | ||||
| common (noun) | den | den | dess | ||||
| neuter (noun) | det | det | dess | ||||
| indefinite | man or en4 | en | ens | ||||
| reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
| plural | first | — | vi | oss | vår, våran2 | vårt, vårat2 | våra |
| second | — | ni | er | er, eran2, ers6 | ert, erat2 | era | |
| archaic | I | eder | eder, eders6 | edert | edra | ||
| third | — | de, dom3 | dem, dom3 | deras | |||
| reflexive | — | sig, sej3 | sin | sitt | sina | ||
Verb
sina (present sinar, preterite sinade, supine sinat, imperative sina)
- (of a well) to dry up; to cease containing any water
- (of a cow or similar) to cease giving milk.
- (by extension, of some resource) to run out
Conjugation
| active | passive | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | sina | — | ||
| supine | sinat | — | ||
| imperative | sina | — | ||
| imper. plural1 | sinen | — | ||
| present | past | present | past | |
| indicative | sinar | sinade | — | — |
| ind. plural1 | sina | sinade | — | — |
| subjunctive2 | sine | sinade | — | — |
| present participle | sinande | |||
| past participle | sinad | |||
1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.
Anagrams
Tagalog
Etymology
Pronunciation
- (Standard Tagalog)
- IPA(key): /siˈna/ [sɪˈn̪a]
- Rhymes: -a
- IPA(key): /ˈsina/ [ˈsiː.n̪ɐ] (colloquial)
- IPA(key): /siˈna/ [sɪˈn̪a]
- Syllabification: si‧na
Article
siná or sina (Baybayin spelling ᜐᜒᜈ)
- (colloquial) plural direct marker placed before names or terms of address of people
- Synonym: (colloquial) sila
- Nandiyan na sina Pedro at Juan. ― Pedro and Juan are already there.
Usage notes
- 'Sina Pedro at Juan' is a more compact form of 'si Pedro at si Juan'.
- 'Sina Pedro' refers to Pedro and unspecified others.
See also
| direct (ang) | indirect (ng) | oblique (sa) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| common | singular | ang | ng | sa |
| plural | ang mga | ng mga | sa mga | |
| personal | singular | si | ni | kay |
| plural / polite | sina | nina | kina | |
Anagrams
Xhosa
Verb
-sína
- to escape
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zaghawa
Noun
sina
References
- Beria-English English-Beria Dictionary [provisional] ADESK, Iriba, Kobe Department, Chad
Zulu
Etymology 1
From Proto-Bantu *-kɪ́na.
Verb
-sîna
- to dance (traditional)
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukusina | ukungasini | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | sina | -sine | ||||
| plural | sinani | -sineni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyasina, ngisina | engisinayo, engisina | ngisina | angisini | engingasini | ngingasini |
| 2nd singular | uyasina, usina | osinayo, osina | usina | awusini | ongasini | ungasini |
| 1st plural | siyasina, sisina | esisinayo, esisina | sisina | asisini | esingasini | singasini |
| 2nd plural | niyasina, nisina | enisinayo, enisina | nisina | anisini | eningasini | ningasini |
| class 1 | uyasina, usina | osinayo, osina | esina | akasini | ongasini | engasini |
| class 2 | bayasina, basina | abasinayo, abasina | besina | abasini | abangasini | bengasini |
| class 3 | uyasina, usina | osinayo, osina | usina | awusini | ongasini | ungasini |
| class 4 | iyasina, isina | esinayo, esina | isina | ayisini | engasini | ingasini |
| class 5 | liyasina, lisina | elisinayo, elisina | lisina | alisini | elingasini | lingasini |
| class 6 | ayasina, asina | asinayo, asina | esina | awasini | angasini | engasini |
| class 7 | siyasina, sisina | esisinayo, esisina | sisina | asisini | esingasini | singasini |
| class 8 | ziyasina, zisina | ezisinayo, ezisina | zisina | azisini | ezingasini | zingasini |
| class 9 | iyasina, isina | esinayo, esina | isina | ayisini | engasini | ingasini |
| class 10 | ziyasina, zisina | ezisinayo, ezisina | zisina | azisini | ezingasini | zingasini |
| class 11 | luyasina, lusina | olusinayo, olusina | lusina | alusini | olungasini | lungasini |
| class 14 | buyasina, busina | obusinayo, obusina | busina | abusini | obungasini | bungasini |
| class 15 | kuyasina, kusina | okusinayo, okusina | kusina | akusini | okungasini | kungasini |
| class 17 | kuyasina, kusina | okusinayo, okusina | kusina | akusini | okungasini | kungasini |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngisinile, ngisinē | engisinile, engisinē | ngisinile, ngisinē | angisinanga | engingasinanga | ngingasinanga |
| 2nd singular | usinile, usinē | osinile, osinē | usinile, usinē | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| 1st plural | sisinile, sisinē | esisinile, esisinē | sisinile, sisinē | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| 2nd plural | nisinile, nisinē | enisinile, enisinē | nisinile, nisinē | anisinanga | eningasinanga | ningasinanga |
| class 1 | usinile, usinē | osinile, osinē | esinile, esinē | akasinanga | ongasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 2 | basinile, basinē | abasinile, abasinē | besinile, besinē | abasinanga | abangasinanga | bengasinanga |
| class 3 | usinile, usinē | osinile, osinē | usinile, usinē | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| class 4 | isinile, isinē | esinile, esinē | isinile, isinē | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 5 | lisinile, lisinē | elisinile, elisinē | lisinile, lisinē | alisinanga | elingasinanga | lingasinanga |
| class 6 | asinile, asinē | asinile, asinē | esinile, esinē | awasinanga | angasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 7 | sisinile, sisinē | esisinile, esisinē | sisinile, sisinē | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| class 8 | zisinile, zisinē | ezisinile, ezisinē | zisinile, zisinē | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 9 | isinile, isinē | esinile, esinē | isinile, isinē | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 10 | zisinile, zisinē | ezisinile, ezisinē | zisinile, zisinē | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 11 | lusinile, lusinē | olusinile, olusinē | lusinile, lusinē | alusinanga | olungasinanga | lungasinanga |
| class 14 | businile, businē | obusinile, obusinē | businile, businē | abusinanga | obungasinanga | bungasinanga |
| class 15 | kusinile, kusinē | okusinile, okusinē | kusinile, kusinē | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| class 17 | kusinile, kusinē | okusinile, okusinē | kusinile, kusinē | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāsina | engāsina | ngāsina | angisinanga | engingasinanga | ngingasinanga |
| 2nd singular | wāsina | owāsina | wāsina | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| 1st plural | sāsina | esāsina | sāsina | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| 2nd plural | nāsina | enāsina | nāsina | anisinanga | eningasinanga | ningasinanga |
| class 1 | wāsina | owāsina | āsina | akasinanga | ongasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 2 | bāsina | abāsina | bāsina | abasinanga | abangasinanga | bengasinanga |
| class 3 | wāsina | owāsina | wāsina | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| class 4 | yāsina | eyāsina | yāsina | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 5 | lāsina | elāsina | lāsina | alisinanga | elingasinanga | lingasinanga |
| class 6 | āsina | āsina | āsina | awasinanga | angasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 7 | sāsina | esāsina | sāsina | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| class 8 | zāsina | ezāsina | zāsina | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 9 | yāsina | eyāsina | yāsina | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 10 | zāsina | ezāsina | zāsina | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 11 | lwāsina | olwāsina | lwāsina | alusinanga | olungasinanga | lungasinanga |
| class 14 | bāsina | obāsina | bāsina | abusinanga | obungasinanga | bungasinanga |
| class 15 | kwāsina | okwāsina | kwāsina | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| class 17 | kwāsina | okwāsina | kwāsina | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingasina | — | ngingasina | ngingesine | — | ngingesine |
| 2nd singular | ungasina | — | ungasina | ungesine | — | ungesine |
| 1st plural | singasina | — | singasina | singesine | — | singesine |
| 2nd plural | ningasina | — | ningasina | ningesine | — | ningesine |
| class 1 | angasina | — | engasina | angesine | — | engesine |
| class 2 | bangasina | — | bengasina | bangesine | — | bengesine |
| class 3 | ungasina | — | ungasina | ungesine | — | ungesine |
| class 4 | ingasina | — | ingasina | ingesine | — | ingesine |
| class 5 | lingasina | — | lingasina | lingesine | — | lingesine |
| class 6 | angasina | — | engasina | angesine | — | engesine |
| class 7 | singasina | — | singasina | singesine | — | singesine |
| class 8 | zingasina | — | zingasina | zingesine | — | zingesine |
| class 9 | ingasina | — | ingasina | ingesine | — | ingesine |
| class 10 | zingasina | — | zingasina | zingesine | — | zingesine |
| class 11 | lungasina | — | lungasina | lungesine | — | lungesine |
| class 14 | bungasina | — | bungasina | bungesine | — | bungesine |
| class 15 | kungasina | — | kungasina | kungesine | — | kungesine |
| class 17 | kungasina | — | kungasina | kungesine | — | kungesine |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizosina | engizosina | ngizosina | angizusina | engingezusina | ngingezusina |
| 2nd singular | uzosina | ozosina | uzosina | awuzusina | ongezusina | ungezusina |
| 1st plural | sizosina | esizosina | sizosina | asizusina | esingezusina | singezusina |
| 2nd plural | nizosina | enizosina | nizosina | anizusina | eningezusina | ningezusina |
| class 1 | uzosina | ozosina | ezosina | akazusina | ongezusina | engezusina |
| class 2 | bazosina | abazosina | bezosina | abazusina | abangezusina | bengezusina |
| class 3 | uzosina | ozosina | uzosina | awuzusina | ongezusina | ungezusina |
| class 4 | izosina | ezosina | izosina | ayizusina | engezusina | ingezusina |
| class 5 | lizosina | elizosina | lizosina | alizusina | elingezusina | lingezusina |
| class 6 | azosina | azosina | ezosina | awazusina | angezusina | engezusina |
| class 7 | sizosina | esizosina | sizosina | asizusina | esingezusina | singezusina |
| class 8 | zizosina | ezizosina | zizosina | azizusina | ezingezusina | zingezusina |
| class 9 | izosina | ezosina | izosina | ayizusina | engezusina | ingezusina |
| class 10 | zizosina | ezizosina | zizosina | azizusina | ezingezusina | zingezusina |
| class 11 | luzosina | oluzosina | luzosina | aluzusina | olungezusina | lungezusina |
| class 14 | buzosina | obuzosina | buzosina | abuzusina | obungezusina | bungezusina |
| class 15 | kuzosina | okuzosina | kuzosina | akuzusina | okungezusina | kungezusina |
| class 17 | kuzosina | okuzosina | kuzosina | akuzusina | okungezusina | kungezusina |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyosina | engiyosina | ngiyosina | angiyusina | engingeyusina | ngingeyusina |
| 2nd singular | uyosina | oyosina | uyosina | awuyusina | ongeyusina | ungeyusina |
| 1st plural | siyosina | esiyosina | siyosina | asiyusina | esingeyusina | singeyusina |
| 2nd plural | niyosina | eniyosina | niyosina | aniyusina | eningeyusina | ningeyusina |
| class 1 | uyosina | oyosina | eyosina | akayusina | ongeyusina | engeyusina |
| class 2 | bayosina | abayosina | beyosina | abayusina | abangeyusina | bengeyusina |
| class 3 | uyosina | oyosina | uyosina | awuyusina | ongeyusina | ungeyusina |
| class 4 | iyosina | eyosina | iyosina | ayiyusina | engeyusina | ingeyusina |
| class 5 | liyosina | eliyosina | liyosina | aliyusina | elingeyusina | lingeyusina |
| class 6 | ayosina | ayosina | eyosina | awayusina | angeyusina | engeyusina |
| class 7 | siyosina | esiyosina | siyosina | asiyusina | esingeyusina | singeyusina |
| class 8 | ziyosina | eziyosina | ziyosina | aziyusina | ezingeyusina | zingeyusina |
| class 9 | iyosina | eyosina | iyosina | ayiyusina | engeyusina | ingeyusina |
| class 10 | ziyosina | eziyosina | ziyosina | aziyusina | ezingeyusina | zingeyusina |
| class 11 | luyosina | oluyosina | luyosina | aluyusina | olungeyusina | lungeyusina |
| class 14 | buyosina | obuyosina | buyosina | abuyusina | obungeyusina | bungeyusina |
| class 15 | kuyosina | okuyosina | kuyosina | akuyusina | okungeyusina | kungeyusina |
| class 17 | kuyosina | okuyosina | kuyosina | akuyusina | okungeyusina | kungeyusina |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngisine | ngingasini | ||||
| 2nd singular | usine | ungasini | ||||
| 1st plural | sisine | singasini | ||||
| 2nd plural | nisine | ningasini | ||||
| class 1 | asine | angasini | ||||
| class 2 | basine | bangasini | ||||
| class 3 | usine | ungasini | ||||
| class 4 | isine | ingasini | ||||
| class 5 | lisine | lingasini | ||||
| class 6 | asine | angasini | ||||
| class 7 | sisine | singasini | ||||
| class 8 | zisine | zingasini | ||||
| class 9 | isine | ingasini | ||||
| class 10 | zisine | zingasini | ||||
| class 11 | lusine | lungasini | ||||
| class 14 | busine | bungasini | ||||
| class 15 | kusine | kungasini | ||||
| class 17 | kusine | kungasini | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngasina | ngangasina, angasina, angangasina | ||||
| 2nd singular | wasina | wangasina, awasina, awangasina | ||||
| 1st plural | sasina | sangasina, asasina, asangasina | ||||
| 2nd plural | nasina | nangasina, anasina, anangasina | ||||
| class 1 | wasina | wangasina, akasina, akangasina | ||||
| class 2 | basina | bangasina, abasina, abangasina | ||||
| class 3 | wasina | wangasina, awasina, awangasina | ||||
| class 4 | yasina | yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina | ||||
| class 5 | lasina | langasina, alasina, alangasina | ||||
| class 6 | asina | angasina, awasina, awangasina | ||||
| class 7 | sasina | sangasina, asasina, asangasina | ||||
| class 8 | zasina | zangasina, azasina, azangasina | ||||
| class 9 | yasina | yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina | ||||
| class 10 | zasina | zangasina, azasina, azangasina | ||||
| class 11 | lwasina | lwangasina, alwasina, alwangasina | ||||
| class 14 | basina | bangasina, abasina, abangasina | ||||
| class 15 | kwasina | kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina | ||||
| class 17 | kwasina | kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina | ||||
Derived terms
- insini
- umafikazisina
- umsini
- umsino
Etymology 2
From Proto-Bantu *-kéna (“show teeth”).
Verb
-sina
Inflection
| positive | negative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | ukusina | ukungasini | ||||
| imperative | ||||||
| simple | + object concord | |||||
| singular | sina | -sine | ||||
| plural | sinani | -sineni | ||||
| present | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyasina, ngisina | engisinayo, engisina | ngisina | angisini | engingasini | ngingasini |
| 2nd singular | uyasina, usina | osinayo, osina | usina | awusini | ongasini | ungasini |
| 1st plural | siyasina, sisina | esisinayo, esisina | sisina | asisini | esingasini | singasini |
| 2nd plural | niyasina, nisina | enisinayo, enisina | nisina | anisini | eningasini | ningasini |
| class 1 | uyasina, usina | osinayo, osina | esina | akasini | ongasini | engasini |
| class 2 | bayasina, basina | abasinayo, abasina | besina | abasini | abangasini | bengasini |
| class 3 | uyasina, usina | osinayo, osina | usina | awusini | ongasini | ungasini |
| class 4 | iyasina, isina | esinayo, esina | isina | ayisini | engasini | ingasini |
| class 5 | liyasina, lisina | elisinayo, elisina | lisina | alisini | elingasini | lingasini |
| class 6 | ayasina, asina | asinayo, asina | esina | awasini | angasini | engasini |
| class 7 | siyasina, sisina | esisinayo, esisina | sisina | asisini | esingasini | singasini |
| class 8 | ziyasina, zisina | ezisinayo, ezisina | zisina | azisini | ezingasini | zingasini |
| class 9 | iyasina, isina | esinayo, esina | isina | ayisini | engasini | ingasini |
| class 10 | ziyasina, zisina | ezisinayo, ezisina | zisina | azisini | ezingasini | zingasini |
| class 11 | luyasina, lusina | olusinayo, olusina | lusina | alusini | olungasini | lungasini |
| class 14 | buyasina, busina | obusinayo, obusina | busina | abusini | obungasini | bungasini |
| class 15 | kuyasina, kusina | okusinayo, okusina | kusina | akusini | okungasini | kungasini |
| class 17 | kuyasina, kusina | okusinayo, okusina | kusina | akusini | okungasini | kungasini |
| recent past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngisinile, ngisinē | engisinile, engisinē | ngisinile, ngisinē | angisinanga | engingasinanga | ngingasinanga |
| 2nd singular | usinile, usinē | osinile, osinē | usinile, usinē | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| 1st plural | sisinile, sisinē | esisinile, esisinē | sisinile, sisinē | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| 2nd plural | nisinile, nisinē | enisinile, enisinē | nisinile, nisinē | anisinanga | eningasinanga | ningasinanga |
| class 1 | usinile, usinē | osinile, osinē | esinile, esinē | akasinanga | ongasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 2 | basinile, basinē | abasinile, abasinē | besinile, besinē | abasinanga | abangasinanga | bengasinanga |
| class 3 | usinile, usinē | osinile, osinē | usinile, usinē | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| class 4 | isinile, isinē | esinile, esinē | isinile, isinē | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 5 | lisinile, lisinē | elisinile, elisinē | lisinile, lisinē | alisinanga | elingasinanga | lingasinanga |
| class 6 | asinile, asinē | asinile, asinē | esinile, esinē | awasinanga | angasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 7 | sisinile, sisinē | esisinile, esisinē | sisinile, sisinē | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| class 8 | zisinile, zisinē | ezisinile, ezisinē | zisinile, zisinē | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 9 | isinile, isinē | esinile, esinē | isinile, isinē | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 10 | zisinile, zisinē | ezisinile, ezisinē | zisinile, zisinē | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 11 | lusinile, lusinē | olusinile, olusinē | lusinile, lusinē | alusinanga | olungasinanga | lungasinanga |
| class 14 | businile, businē | obusinile, obusinē | businile, businē | abusinanga | obungasinanga | bungasinanga |
| class 15 | kusinile, kusinē | okusinile, okusinē | kusinile, kusinē | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| class 17 | kusinile, kusinē | okusinile, okusinē | kusinile, kusinē | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| remote past | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngāsina | engāsina | ngāsina | angisinanga | engingasinanga | ngingasinanga |
| 2nd singular | wāsina | owāsina | wāsina | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| 1st plural | sāsina | esāsina | sāsina | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| 2nd plural | nāsina | enāsina | nāsina | anisinanga | eningasinanga | ningasinanga |
| class 1 | wāsina | owāsina | āsina | akasinanga | ongasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 2 | bāsina | abāsina | bāsina | abasinanga | abangasinanga | bengasinanga |
| class 3 | wāsina | owāsina | wāsina | awusinanga | ongasinanga | ungasinanga |
| class 4 | yāsina | eyāsina | yāsina | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 5 | lāsina | elāsina | lāsina | alisinanga | elingasinanga | lingasinanga |
| class 6 | āsina | āsina | āsina | awasinanga | angasinanga | engasinanga |
| class 7 | sāsina | esāsina | sāsina | asisinanga | esingasinanga | singasinanga |
| class 8 | zāsina | ezāsina | zāsina | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 9 | yāsina | eyāsina | yāsina | ayisinanga | engasinanga | ingasinanga |
| class 10 | zāsina | ezāsina | zāsina | azisinanga | ezingasinanga | zingasinanga |
| class 11 | lwāsina | olwāsina | lwāsina | alusinanga | olungasinanga | lungasinanga |
| class 14 | bāsina | obāsina | bāsina | abusinanga | obungasinanga | bungasinanga |
| class 15 | kwāsina | okwāsina | kwāsina | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| class 17 | kwāsina | okwāsina | kwāsina | akusinanga | okungasinanga | kungasinanga |
| potential | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngingasina | — | ngingasina | ngingesine | — | ngingesine |
| 2nd singular | ungasina | — | ungasina | ungesine | — | ungesine |
| 1st plural | singasina | — | singasina | singesine | — | singesine |
| 2nd plural | ningasina | — | ningasina | ningesine | — | ningesine |
| class 1 | angasina | — | engasina | angesine | — | engesine |
| class 2 | bangasina | — | bengasina | bangesine | — | bengesine |
| class 3 | ungasina | — | ungasina | ungesine | — | ungesine |
| class 4 | ingasina | — | ingasina | ingesine | — | ingesine |
| class 5 | lingasina | — | lingasina | lingesine | — | lingesine |
| class 6 | angasina | — | engasina | angesine | — | engesine |
| class 7 | singasina | — | singasina | singesine | — | singesine |
| class 8 | zingasina | — | zingasina | zingesine | — | zingesine |
| class 9 | ingasina | — | ingasina | ingesine | — | ingesine |
| class 10 | zingasina | — | zingasina | zingesine | — | zingesine |
| class 11 | lungasina | — | lungasina | lungesine | — | lungesine |
| class 14 | bungasina | — | bungasina | bungesine | — | bungesine |
| class 15 | kungasina | — | kungasina | kungesine | — | kungesine |
| class 17 | kungasina | — | kungasina | kungesine | — | kungesine |
| immediate future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngizosina | engizosina | ngizosina | angizusina | engingezusina | ngingezusina |
| 2nd singular | uzosina | ozosina | uzosina | awuzusina | ongezusina | ungezusina |
| 1st plural | sizosina | esizosina | sizosina | asizusina | esingezusina | singezusina |
| 2nd plural | nizosina | enizosina | nizosina | anizusina | eningezusina | ningezusina |
| class 1 | uzosina | ozosina | ezosina | akazusina | ongezusina | engezusina |
| class 2 | bazosina | abazosina | bezosina | abazusina | abangezusina | bengezusina |
| class 3 | uzosina | ozosina | uzosina | awuzusina | ongezusina | ungezusina |
| class 4 | izosina | ezosina | izosina | ayizusina | engezusina | ingezusina |
| class 5 | lizosina | elizosina | lizosina | alizusina | elingezusina | lingezusina |
| class 6 | azosina | azosina | ezosina | awazusina | angezusina | engezusina |
| class 7 | sizosina | esizosina | sizosina | asizusina | esingezusina | singezusina |
| class 8 | zizosina | ezizosina | zizosina | azizusina | ezingezusina | zingezusina |
| class 9 | izosina | ezosina | izosina | ayizusina | engezusina | ingezusina |
| class 10 | zizosina | ezizosina | zizosina | azizusina | ezingezusina | zingezusina |
| class 11 | luzosina | oluzosina | luzosina | aluzusina | olungezusina | lungezusina |
| class 14 | buzosina | obuzosina | buzosina | abuzusina | obungezusina | bungezusina |
| class 15 | kuzosina | okuzosina | kuzosina | akuzusina | okungezusina | kungezusina |
| class 17 | kuzosina | okuzosina | kuzosina | akuzusina | okungezusina | kungezusina |
| remote future | ||||||
| positive absolute | positive relative | positive participial | negative absolute | negative relative | negative participial | |
| 1st singular | ngiyosina | engiyosina | ngiyosina | angiyusina | engingeyusina | ngingeyusina |
| 2nd singular | uyosina | oyosina | uyosina | awuyusina | ongeyusina | ungeyusina |
| 1st plural | siyosina | esiyosina | siyosina | asiyusina | esingeyusina | singeyusina |
| 2nd plural | niyosina | eniyosina | niyosina | aniyusina | eningeyusina | ningeyusina |
| class 1 | uyosina | oyosina | eyosina | akayusina | ongeyusina | engeyusina |
| class 2 | bayosina | abayosina | beyosina | abayusina | abangeyusina | bengeyusina |
| class 3 | uyosina | oyosina | uyosina | awuyusina | ongeyusina | ungeyusina |
| class 4 | iyosina | eyosina | iyosina | ayiyusina | engeyusina | ingeyusina |
| class 5 | liyosina | eliyosina | liyosina | aliyusina | elingeyusina | lingeyusina |
| class 6 | ayosina | ayosina | eyosina | awayusina | angeyusina | engeyusina |
| class 7 | siyosina | esiyosina | siyosina | asiyusina | esingeyusina | singeyusina |
| class 8 | ziyosina | eziyosina | ziyosina | aziyusina | ezingeyusina | zingeyusina |
| class 9 | iyosina | eyosina | iyosina | ayiyusina | engeyusina | ingeyusina |
| class 10 | ziyosina | eziyosina | ziyosina | aziyusina | ezingeyusina | zingeyusina |
| class 11 | luyosina | oluyosina | luyosina | aluyusina | olungeyusina | lungeyusina |
| class 14 | buyosina | obuyosina | buyosina | abuyusina | obungeyusina | bungeyusina |
| class 15 | kuyosina | okuyosina | kuyosina | akuyusina | okungeyusina | kungeyusina |
| class 17 | kuyosina | okuyosina | kuyosina | akuyusina | okungeyusina | kungeyusina |
| present subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngisine | ngingasini | ||||
| 2nd singular | usine | ungasini | ||||
| 1st plural | sisine | singasini | ||||
| 2nd plural | nisine | ningasini | ||||
| class 1 | asine | angasini | ||||
| class 2 | basine | bangasini | ||||
| class 3 | usine | ungasini | ||||
| class 4 | isine | ingasini | ||||
| class 5 | lisine | lingasini | ||||
| class 6 | asine | angasini | ||||
| class 7 | sisine | singasini | ||||
| class 8 | zisine | zingasini | ||||
| class 9 | isine | ingasini | ||||
| class 10 | zisine | zingasini | ||||
| class 11 | lusine | lungasini | ||||
| class 14 | busine | bungasini | ||||
| class 15 | kusine | kungasini | ||||
| class 17 | kusine | kungasini | ||||
| past subjunctive | ||||||
| positive | negative | |||||
| 1st singular | ngasina | ngangasina, angasina, angangasina | ||||
| 2nd singular | wasina | wangasina, awasina, awangasina | ||||
| 1st plural | sasina | sangasina, asasina, asangasina | ||||
| 2nd plural | nasina | nangasina, anasina, anangasina | ||||
| class 1 | wasina | wangasina, akasina, akangasina | ||||
| class 2 | basina | bangasina, abasina, abangasina | ||||
| class 3 | wasina | wangasina, awasina, awangasina | ||||
| class 4 | yasina | yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina | ||||
| class 5 | lasina | langasina, alasina, alangasina | ||||
| class 6 | asina | angasina, awasina, awangasina | ||||
| class 7 | sasina | sangasina, asasina, asangasina | ||||
| class 8 | zasina | zangasina, azasina, azangasina | ||||
| class 9 | yasina | yangasina, ayasina, ayangasina | ||||
| class 10 | zasina | zangasina, azasina, azangasina | ||||
| class 11 | lwasina | lwangasina, alwasina, alwangasina | ||||
| class 14 | basina | bangasina, abasina, abangasina | ||||
| class 15 | kwasina | kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina | ||||
| class 17 | kwasina | kwangasina, akwasina, akwangasina | ||||
References
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sina (3.9)”
- C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sina (6.3)”