-at

Seen in toponyms such as Qesarat, Kastrat, Dukat, Progonat Bushat.^[1] The [-t] as [-s] as both from similar Proto-Albanian *tāi and Proto-Albanian *tjā. Toponym is considered a preservation of Illyrian *-atāi, attested in [Labeatai], [Docleatae], [Autoriatae], [Delmatae].^[2] See -të

• IPA^(key): /at/

-at m

1. used to form toponyms. -ian

Inherited from Latin -ātus.

-at (past participle-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

1. forms the masculine singular past participle of verbs whose infinitives end in -ar

   ‎parlar (“to speak”) + ‎-at → ‎parlat (“spoken”)

-at (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ata, masculine plural -ats, feminine plural -ates)

1. forms adjectives, from nouns, meaning “which contains the suffixed noun”

   ‎piga (“freckle”) + ‎-at → ‎pigat (“freckled”)

-at m (noun-forming suffix, plural -ats)

1. forms nouns, from the names of types of professionals, meaning the position of being that type of professional; -dom

   ‎almirall (“admiral”) + ‎-at → ‎almirallat (“admiralty”)

• “-at”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2025
• “-at” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.

• -ět, -et (after soft consonants)

Inherited from Old Czech -ati, from Proto-Slavic *-ati.

• IPA^(key): [ at]

-at

1. a common ending for many infinitive verbs

   ‎dílo + ‎-at → ‎dělat

2. forms imperfective verbs

   Synonym: -ovat

   ‎pobýt + ‎-at → ‎pobývat

   ‎ušít + ‎-at → ‎ušívat

   ‎umýt + ‎-at → ‎umývat

   ‎začít + ‎-at → ‎začínat

   ‎najmout + ‎-at → ‎najímat

   ‎vybrat + ‎-at → ‎vybírat

   ‎poslat + ‎-at → ‎posílat

   ‎odřít + ‎-at → ‎odírat

   ‎nazvat + ‎-at → ‎nazývat

   ‎skočit + ‎-at → ‎skákat

3. forms iterative verbs

   Synonym: -ovat

   ‎být + ‎-at → ‎bývat

   ‎jmout + ‎-at → ‎jímat

• -at in Slovník afixů užívaných v češtině, 2017

From Latin -ātus.

-at n

1. used to form nouns

• “-at” in Den Danske Ordbog

• IPA^(key): /a/

Derived from Latin -ātus, -ātūs, whence also English -ate. See etymology at -ate for more.

-at m (plural -ats)

2. forms nouns denoting a rank or office

   directorat (“directorate”)

3. forms nouns denoting the concrete charge, context of a rank or office
4. forms nouns denoting a group of officials associated with a rank or office
5. forms nouns denoting a social or political system ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
6. forms nouns denoting a state (government) ruled by people or someone of a certain rank or office
7. forms nouns denoting a state associated with one's social situation

   ‎anonyme (“anonym”) + ‎-at → ‎anonymat (“anonymity”)

8. forms nouns denoting a place where people in a certain state are found

   ‎orphelin (“orphan”) + ‎-at → ‎orphelinat (“orphanage”)

9. -ship, -hood

   ‎assistant (“assistant”) + ‎-at → ‎assistanat (“assistantship”)

Derived from Latin -ātus, -ātī, whence also English -ate, -ee, and the inherited French doublet -é.^[1] See etymology at -ate for more.

-at m (plural -ats)

2. (rare) forms nouns meaning "person or thing that is the object of a performed verb"

   avocat (“an advocate, lawyer”)

   prédicat (“a predicate”)

Borrowed from Latin -ātum, whence also English -ate.

• Audio:

  (file)

-at n

1. -ate

• → Russian: -ат (-at)
• → Serbo-Croatian:
  • Cyrillic script: -ат
  • Latin script: -at
• → Ukrainian: -ат (-at)

• IPA^(key): [ɒt]
• Rhymes: -ɒt

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (causative suffix).

-at

2. (causative suffix) Added to a back-vowel verb (or extremely rarely to a noun) to form a verb with a meaning of let or make somebody do something.

   Synonyms: -tat/-tet, -aszt/-eszt/-öszt, -jt/-ajt/-ejt, -ít, -dít, (obsolete in this sense) -t

   ‎zár (“to close”) + ‎-at → ‎zárat (“to make someone close something or to have something closed”)

• (causative suffix) Variants:

  -at is added to back-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words

  ‎vár (“to wait”) + ‎-at → ‎várat (“to have someone wait”)

  -et is added to front-vowel words ending in a consonant + t and most monosyllabic words

  ‎kér (“to ask for”) + ‎-et → ‎kéret (“to have someone ask(ed) for; to summon someone [by ordering a servant to fetch him/her]”)

  -tat is added to back-vowel words ending in a vowel + t

  ‎tisztít (“to clean”) + ‎-tat → ‎tisztíttat (“to have someone clean or to have something cleaned”)

  -tet is added to front-vowel words ending in a vowel + t

  ‎keres (“to look for”) + ‎-tet → ‎kerestet (“to have someone look(ed) for”)

• Műveltető (faktitív) “Factitive” in Kiefer, Ferenc (ed.). Strukturális magyar nyelvtan 3. Morfológia (“A structural grammar of Hungarian, Vol. 3. Morphology”), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2000.

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (noun-forming suffix).

-at

2. (noun-forming suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun, expressing the result of the action or sometimes a more abstract relation (compare -ás/-és).

   Synonym: -mány/-mény

• (noun-forming suffix) Variants:

  -at is added to back-vowel verbs

  ‎gondol (“to think”) + ‎-at → ‎gondolat (“a thought, an idea”)

  ‎mond (“to say”) + ‎-at → ‎mondat (“sentence”)

  -et is added to front-vowel verbs

  ‎dicsér (“to praise”) + ‎-et → ‎dicséret (“praise, commendation”)

  ‎él (“to live”) + ‎-et → ‎élet (“life”)

  ‎ítél (“to judge”) + ‎-et → ‎ítélet (“judgment”)

  ‎mér (“to measure”) + ‎-et → ‎méret (“measurement, size”)

From -a- (linking vowel) +‎ -t (accusative suffix).

-at (accusative case suffix)

2. Forms the accusative case for a certain group of back-vowel nouns and numerals, back-vowel past participles, most back-vowel adjectives, and all back-vowel forms following any other inflectional suffix(es).

   ház (“house”) → Vettem egy házat. ― I bought a house.

   okos (“smart, clever”) → okosat (“smart, clever [acc.]”)

   hány? (“how many”) → hányat? (“how many [acc.]”)

   három (“three”) → hármat (“three [acc.]”)

   ablakok (“windows”) → ablakokat (“windows [acc.]”)

   asztalom (“my desk/table”) → asztalomat (“my desk/table [acc.]”)

   nagyobb (“bigger”) → nagyobbat (“a/the bigger one [acc.]”)

   nyitott (“opened”) → nyitottat (“the opened one [acc.]”)

• (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:

  -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.

  -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant

  -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.

  Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.

  I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.

  It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).

From -atik (passive-forming suffix), removing the ending.

-at

2. combining form of -atik (passive-forming suffix) before all inflectional and derivational suffixes, except the dictionary form itself, the indefinite third-person singular present indicative

   elnyomatik (“to be suppressed”) → elnyomatás (“suppression”, being suppressed).

(combining forms of the passive-forming suffix) Variants: -at-, -et-, -tat-, -tet- (from -atik, -etik, -tatik, -tetik), as well as the tautological (doubly suffixed) forms -attat-, -ettet- (from -attatik, -ettetik). See more in the template of the full forms of this suffix.

• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

From Proto-Italic *-āt, from Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti.

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈat]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈat̪]

-at

1. third-person singular present active indicative of -ō (first conjugation)

• Old Galician-Portuguese: -a
  • Galician: -a
  • Portuguese: -a
• Spanish: -a

-āt

1. (poetic, syncopated, rare) third-person singular perfect active indicative of -ō (first conjugation; verbs with the perfect infix -av-)

• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old French: -a
    • French: -a

Borrowed from Arabic ات.

• IPA^(key): [-at]
• Hyphenation: -at

-at

1. Suffix used to derive the plural and feminine form of certain nouns derived from Arabic.

   ‎Muslim (“a Muslim”) + ‎-at → ‎Muslimat (“feminine plural of Muslim”)

• This suffix is unproductive.

• IPA^(key): /aːt/

-at

1. alternative form of -iet (noun plural suffix)

• Regularly used after għ. Otherwise only in exceptional forms, though somewhat commonly after ħ and q.

• (Kautokeino) IPA^(key): /ˈ-ah(t)/

From Proto-Samic *-ëŋkë.

-at

2. Forms adjectives indicating something that is possessed as a characteristic.

   ‎guhkes juolgi (“long leg”) + ‎-at → ‎guhkesjuolggat (“long-legged”)

• This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Odd, no gradation
Attributive	-at
Nominative	-at
Genitive	-aga
Attributive	-at
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-at	-agat
Accusative	-aga	-agiid
Genitive	-aga	-agiid
Illative	-agii	-agiidda
Locative	-agis	-agiin
Comitative	-agiin	-agiiguin
Essive	-agin

From Proto-Samic *-ëtē, from Proto-Uralic *-eta. Related to Finnish -ea/-eä.

-at

2. Forms adjectives from stems, without any particular meaning. Often, the more basic stem is an adverb, the adjective's own attributive form, or has fallen out of use altogether.

• This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

Odd, no gradation
Attributive	—
Nominative	-at
Genitive	-ada
Attributive	—
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-at	-adat
Accusative	-ada	-adiid
Genitive	-ada	-adiid
Illative	-adii	-adiidda
Locative	-adis	-adiin
Comitative	-adiin	-adiiguin
Essive	-adin

-at

1. Form of the suffix -a used with odd-syllable stems.

Even a-stem, hk-g gradation
Nominative	-at
Genitive	-aga
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	-at	-agat
Accusative	-aga	-agaid
Genitive	-aga	-agaid
Illative	-ahkii	-agaide
Locative	-agas	-again
Comitative	-again	-agaiguin
Essive	-ahkan
Possessive forms Singular Dual Plural 1st person -ahkan -ahkame -ahkamet 2nd person -ahkat -ahkade -ahkadet 3rd person -ahkas -ahkaska -ahkaset

From Latin -ātus.

-at n

1. used to form nouns

• “-at” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “-at” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

From Latin -atus.

-at n

1. used to form nouns

• “-at” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

• -a, -t (after vowels)

Possibly from Proto-Germanic *aiwwihtiz, whence Old English āwiht (“anything, something; at all”). The prototype of ek veit-at 'I don't know' would then be Proto-Norse *ek ne wait aiwwihti 'I know not at all', after which *aiwwihti was reduced to -at and ne eventually dropped in a process identical to the origin of French pas (“not”). (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

-at

1. negative verbal suffix; does not

   Synonyms: eigi, né

   hann veitat

   he knows not

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “-at”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 22; also available at the Internet Archive

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

• IPA^(key): /-at/

-at

1. Second person plural suffix

• -íit (With e-ending verb stems)
• -óot (With a-ending verb stems)
• -et (Biori)
• -éet (With e-ending verb stems in Biori)
• -áat (With a-ending verb stems in Biori)

• Henrik Liljegren, Naseem Haider (2011) “-at”, in Palula Vocabulary (FLI Language and Culture Series; 7)‎^[2], Islamabad, Pakistan: Forum for Language Initiatives, →ISBN

Derived from Latin -ātus.

• IPA^(key): /at/
• Rhymes: -at
• Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

-at m

1. forms masculine nouns; -ate, -age

   ‎anonim + ‎-at → ‎anonimat

Inanimate declension:

Animate declension:

• -at in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Inherited from Latin -ātus, from Proto-Italic *-ātos.

• IPA^(key): /at/

-at m or n (feminine singular -ată, masculine plural -ați, feminine and neuter plural -ate)

1. Used with a stem to form the masculine singular past participle of regular -a (first conjugation) verbs.

   ‎arunca (“to throw”) + ‎-at → ‎aruncat (“thrown”)

   ‎cânta (“to sing”) + ‎-at → ‎cântat (“sung”)

• -it

Borrowed from German -at, first from direct loanwords, and later becoming productive on its own.

-at m anim or m inan (Cyrillic spelling -ат, noun-forming suffix)

1. Used on nominal and verbal stems of loanwords, rarely of native words, to build nouns of various meanings.
   1. Denoting a person.

      adrèsa → adrèsāt

      ȗnija → unìjat

      Ȃzija → Azìjat

      Mìja → Mìjat

      delegácija → delègāt

      kandidírati → kandìdāt

   2. Denoting a room, building or field.

      dèkān → dekànāt

      ekònom → ekonòmāt

      kàlīf → kalìfāt

      konzul → konzùlāt

      màršāl → maršalat

      pròtektor → protektòrāt

      rȅktor → rektòrāt

   3. Denoting an honor or service.

      dȍktor → doktòrāt

      đȁkon → đakònāt

      lȅktor → lektòrāt

      pàtrōn → patrònāt

      nàdbiskup → nadbiskùpāt

   4. Denoting collectivity.

      èpiskop → episkòpāt

      làik → laìkāt

      pàtrīcīj → patricìjāt

   5. Denoting things.

      bikarbóna → bikarbònāt

      jod → jòdāt

      separirati → sepàrāt

   6. Denoting abstract notions.

      citírati → cìtāt

      diktírati → dìktāt

      hìstōrija → historìjāt

• Babić, Stjepan (2002), Tvorba riječi u hrvatskome književnome jeziku, 3rd revised edition, Zagreb: HAZU, page(s) 358

• -ât

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـات, borrowed from Arabic ـَات (-āt).

• IPA^(key): /ɑːt/, /ɑt/, [ɑt̪]
• Rhymes: -ɑt

-at (no longer productive)

1. Forms plurals from words of Arabic origin.

   ‎gidiş (“way of going”) + ‎-at → ‎gidişat (“the way things go”)

   ‎hayvan (“animal”) + ‎-at → ‎hayvanat (“animals”)

2. Forms collective nouns.

   ‎mühimme (“important”) + ‎-at → ‎mühimmat (“ammunition”)

   ‎hasıl (“produce, profit”) + ‎-at → ‎hasılat (“income”)

   ‎müfret (“singular”) + ‎-at → ‎müfredat (“curriculum”)

   ‎er (“soldier”) + ‎-at → ‎erat (“soldiers (collective)”)

3. Forms nouns referring to fields of knowledge or practice.

   ‎lisani (“linguistic”) + ‎-at → ‎lisaniyat (“linguistics”)

   ‎Türki (“Turkic”) + ‎-at → ‎Türkiyat (“Turkology”)

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “https://www.nisanyansozluk.com/ek/%2B%C4%81t”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

-at

1. Used to indicate an amount