-nak
See also: Appendix:Variations of "nak"
Hungarian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nɒk]
Etymology 1
Case suffix.
Suffix
-nak/-nek (dative case suffix)
- to, for
- húg (“younger sister”) → Adtam egy könyvet a húgomnak. ― I gave a book to my little sister.
- 's, of (forms the possessive from the noun of the possessor, along with the ending -a/-e/-ja/-je added to the possession. Often omitted if the act of possession is not the predicate of the sentence.)
- Indicates the second, predicative complement of several verbs, e.g. those with a sense like call, name, find, deem, judge (appellation or appraisal)
- as, for (in the function or role specified)
- Ne dobd ki az újságot, jól jöhet még csomagolópapírnak. ― Don't throw out the newspaper, it could come in handy as wrapping paper.
- Forms the concessive sense: used to devalue the predicate of the sentence when repeated and followed by a clause that contrasts with or contradicts it. See also -ni.
- Olcsónak olcsó, de ráférne egy felújítás. ― Cheap as it may be, but it could do with some renovation.
Usage notes
- (dative case suffix) Variants:
| case | back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként1 | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
See also
| case | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)1 | verbal prefix |
category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ |
– | – |
| accusative | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt |
kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ |
– | c1 c2 |
| dative | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | category |
| instrumental | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel |
azzal/ avval |
vele | category | |
| causal-final | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | category |
| translative | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | category |
| terminative | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | category |
| essive-formal | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | category |
| essive-modal | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | category |
| inessive | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | category |
| superessive | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | category |
| adessive | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | category |
| illative | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | category |
| sublative | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | category |
| allative | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | category |
| elative | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | category |
| delative | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | category |
| ablative | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | category |
1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template
Etymology 2
Personal suffix.
Suffix
-nak
- (personal suffix) Forms the third-person plural and formal second-person plural present tense (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
Usage notes
- (personal suffix) Variants:
- -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
- tanul (“study”) → A gyerekek nem tanulnak eleget. ― The children are not studying enough.
- -nek is added to front-vowel verbs
- énekel (“sing”) → A madarak énekelnek. ― The birds are singing.
- -anak is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- tanít (“teach”) → Mire tanítanak minket az állatok? ― What do animals teach us?
- -enek is added to front-vowel verbs ending in two consonants or -ít
- fest (“paint”) → A gyerekek festenek. ― The children are painting.
- -nak is added to back-vowel verbs
Present tense indefinite – personal suffixes
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
See also
- Category:Hungarian terms taking -nak/-nek
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
| case | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)1 | verbal prefix |
category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ |
– | – |
| accusative | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt |
kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ |
– | c1 c2 |
| dative | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | category |
| instrumental | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel |
azzal/ avval |
vele | category | |
| causal-final | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | category |
| translative | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | category |
| terminative | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | category |
| essive-formal | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | category |
| essive-modal | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | category |
| inessive | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | category |
| superessive | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | category |
| adessive | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | category |
| illative | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | category |
| sublative | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | category |
| allative | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | category |
| elative | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | category |
| delative | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | category |
| ablative | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | category |
1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template
Ilocano
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /nak/
Pronoun
-nak
- Fused enclitic with second-person singular agent and first-person singular patient; fuses -mo (“you, your”) and -ak (“I, me”)
- Ay-ayatennak? ― Do you love me?
- Fused enclitic with third-person singular agent and first-person singular patient; fuses -na (“he, she, it, his, her, its”) and -ak (“I, me”)
- Imbatinak itattay. ― He/she left me a while ago.
Usage notes
- The pronoun is often conflated with -ak in colloquial speech.
See also
Ilocano personal pronouns
| Person | Number | Absolutive | Ergative | Oblique | Possessive | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disjunctive | Enclitic | Enclitic3 | bági form | kukua form | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| First | singular | siak | -ak | -ko, -k | kaniak | bagik | kukuak, kuak | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| dual | data, sita1 | -ta | kaniata, kadata | bagita | kukuata | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| plural inclusive | datayo, sitayo1 | -tayo, -tay | kaniatayo, kadatayo | bagitayo | kukuatayo | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| plural exclusive | dakami, sikami1 | -kami, -kam | -mi | kaniami, kadakami | bagimi | kukuami | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Second | singular | sika | -ka | -mo, -m | kaniam, kenka | bagim | kukuam | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| plural | dakayo, sikayo1 | -kayo, -kay | -yo | kaniayo, kadakayo | bagiyo | kukuayo | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Third | singular | isu, isuna | Ø2 | -na | kaniana, kenkuana | bagina | kukuana | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| plural | isuda | -da | kaniada, kadakuada | bagida | kukuada | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1Regional variants. 2Null morpheme: there is no absolutive enclitic for the third person singular pronoun. The disjunctives isu or isuna may also be used. 3Ergative enclitics are also used as possessive markers. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fused enclitics
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||