-öt
Hungarian
Etymology
From -ö- (linking vowel) + -t (accusative suffix).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [øt]
Suffix
-öt (accusative case suffix)
- Rounded front-vowel variant of -t. See details there.
Usage notes
- (accusative case suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:
- -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.
- -ot is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -at is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -et is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -öt is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -∅ (zero form), optionally, after possessive suffixes, especially in the singular but sometimes also in the plural (and not infrequently after multiple-possession forms as well), except for the third-person singular (“his/her/its”, -ja/-je) as its omission would not reduce the number of syllables.
- Elviszem a kabátom(at/∅), kabátod(at/∅); kabátunk(at/∅), kabátotok(at/∅), kabátjuk(at/∅); kabátjaim(at/∅) etc.
- I’ll take my coat, your coat; our coat, [plural] your coat, their coat; my coats etc.
- It is also omitted usually from the accusative forms of first- and second-person singular personal pronouns (engem, téged (“me, you”)).
| case | back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
front vowel | |
|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
| nominative | — | ||
| accusative | -t | ||
| -ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
| dative | -nak | -nek | |
| instrumental | -val | -vel | |
| causal-final | -ért | ||
| translative | -vá | -vé | |
| terminative | -ig | ||
| essive-formal | -ként1 | ||
| essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
| inessive | -ban | -ben | |
| superessive | -n | ||
| -on | -en | -ön | |
| adessive | -nál | -nél | |
| illative | -ba | -be | |
| sublative | -ra | -re | |
| allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
| elative | -ból | -ből | |
| delative | -ról | -ről | |
| ablative | -tól | -től | |
See also
- Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
| case | suffix | who? | what? | this | that | he/she (it)1 | verbal prefix |
category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | – | ki | mi | ez | az | ő* / -∅ az / -∅ |
– | – |
| accusative | -t / -ot / -at / -et / -öt |
kit | mit | ezt | azt | őt* / -∅ azt / -∅ |
– | c1 c2 |
| dative | -nak / -nek | kinek | minek | ennek | annak | neki | neki- | category |
| instrumental | -val / -vel | kivel | mivel | ezzel/ evvel |
azzal/ avval |
vele | category | |
| causal-final | -ért | kiért | miért | ezért | azért | érte | – | category |
| translative | -vá / -vé | kivé | mivé | ezzé | azzá | – | – | category |
| terminative | -ig | – | meddig | eddig | addig | – | – | category |
| essive-formal | -ként | (kiként) | (miként) | ekként | akként | – | – | category |
| essive-modal | -ul / -ül | – | – | – | – | – | – | category |
| inessive | -ban / -ben | kiben | miben | ebben | abban | benne | – | category |
| superessive | -n/-on/-en/-ön | kin | min | ezen | azon | rajta | (rajta-) | category |
| adessive | -nál / -nél | kinél | minél | ennél | annál | nála | – | category |
| illative | -ba / -be | kibe | mibe | ebbe | abba | bele | bele- | category |
| sublative | -ra / -re | kire | mire | erre | arra | rá | rá- | category |
| allative | -hoz/-hez/-höz | kihez | mihez | ehhez | ahhoz | hozzá | hozzá- | category |
| elative | -ból / -ből | kiből | miből | ebből | abból | belőle | – | category |
| delative | -ról / -ről | kiről | miről | erről | arról | róla | – | category |
| ablative | -tól / -től | kitől | mitől | ettől | attól | tőle | – | category |
1Ő and őt refer to human beings; the forms below them might be construed likewise.
Forms in parentheses are uncommon. All Hungarian pronouns / edit this template