ár

• IPA^(key): [ɔaːɹ]
• Rhymes: -ɔaːɹ

From Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.

ár n (genitive singular árs, plural ár)

1. year

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).

ár f (genitive singular árar, plural árar)

1. oar

• IPA^(key): [ˈaːr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aːr
• Hyphenation: ár

Borrowed from a (likely Iranian) descendant of Proto-Indo-Iranian *Hargʰás (compare Sanskrit अर्घ (arghá, “worth, value”)), such as Alanic *arγa-.^[1] In the past assumed to have been inherited from Proto-Finno-Ugric *arwa which in turn would have been borrowed from Indo-Iranian, and thus cognate with Proto-Finnic *arvo (“worth, value”), but the Finnic word is more likely a parallel borrowing. Possibly also related to Erzya [script needed] (arśems).

ár (plural árak)

2. price

   borsos ár ― an exorbitant price

   borsos ára van ― cost a pretty penny, cost an arm and a leg

3. (figuratively) cost (a negative consequence or loss that occurs or is required to occur)

From Proto-Ugric *ϑarɜ (“temporary lake coming into being during flood”).^[2]

ár (usually uncountable, plural árak)

2. flood

   Synonyms: árvíz, áradás

3. high tide, flow (as opposed to the ebb)

   Synonym: dagály

From the Proto-Finno-Ugric *ora (“awl”).^[3]

ár (plural árak)

2. awl (pointed instrument for piercing small holes, as in leather or wood)

From German Ar (“are”) and French are (“are”), from Latin ārea (“threshing floor”).^[4]

ár (plural árak)

2. are (accepted SI unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

• ár in Nóra Ittzés, editor, A magyar nyelv nagyszótára [A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (Nszt.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published a–ez as of 2024).
• (price): ár in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• (flood/flow): ár in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• (awl): ár in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.
• (are [unit of area]): ár in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

• rá

• IPA^(key): /auːr/, /auːr̥/
• Rhymes: -auːr

Inherited from Old Norse ár (“year”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą, from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r-. Cognates include: Dutch jaar and Afrikaans jaar, English year, German Jahr, Danish år, Norwegian Bokmål år and Swedish år.

ár n (genitive singular árs, nominative plural ár)

1. year
2. indefinite accusative singular of ár
3. indefinite nominative plural of ár
4. indefinite accusative plural of ár

From Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airō. Cognates include: Old English ār (“oar”) (English oar).^[1]

ár f (genitive singular árar, nominative plural árar)

1. oar

Inherited from Old Norse ár, from Proto-Germanic *airi. Cognates include: Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 (air, “early”), Old English ār and ærlice (English early).^[1]

ár

1. (rare, except in the phrase ár og síð) early
   • 2005 May 27, Hvannadalshnjúkur mældur, RÚV:

     Þess vegna var ákveðið að beita fullkomnustu mælitæki sem völ er á til að skera úr um hversu ár Hvannadalshnjúkur er í raun.

     Therefore it was decided to use the most advanced measuring equipment available to determine how old Hvannadalshnjúkur really is.

• árla (“early in the day”)

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ár f

1. inflection of á (“river”):
   1. indefinite genitive singular
   2. indefinite nominative plural
   3. indefinite accusative plural

From Old Irish ar, from Proto-Celtic *anserom, from Proto-Indo-European *n̥serōm, from *nos (“we, us”); compare German unser.^[1]

• (Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/, /əɾˠ/, /ə/^[2]
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɛɾʲ/^[3]

ár (triggers eclipsis)

1. our

   ár dteach ― our house

   Ár nAthair ― Our Father

From Old Irish ár (“slaughter”), from Proto-Celtic *agros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”); compare Ancient Greek ἄγρα (ágra, “hunt”).^[4]

• IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /aːɾˠ/

ár m (genitive singular áir)

1. slaughter, carnage
2. havoc, destruction

• páirc an áir
• mucár

Borrowed from French are, from Latin area.

• (Munster, Connacht) IPA^(key): /ɑːɾˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /aːɾˠ/

ár m (genitive singular áir, nominative plural áir)

1. are (unit of area equal to 100 square metres)

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “ár”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• (our): Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ar”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36
• (slaughter): Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “ár”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 36

From Proto-Kuki-Chin *ʔaar. Cognates include Khumi Chin ae and Zou ah.

• IPA^(key): /aːr˥/

ár

1. chicken

From Proto-Celtic *agrom (“slaughter”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂eǵro- (“hunt”); compare Ancient Greek ἄγρᾱ (ágrā, “hunt”), Avestan 𐬀𐬰𐬭𐬋𐬛𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍 (azrōdaⁱδī, “hunt”).

ár n (nominative plural ár or ára)

1. slaughter, carnage
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 34^a19

     donaib araib

     glosses ad strages

2. defeat, destruction
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 33^d4

     du ár

     glosses ad cedem

   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 113^b4

     etarcnae áir mo namat

     glosses de cede hostium

• Irish: ár
• Scottish Gaelic: àr

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ár”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

• (9th century West Norse) IPA^(key): /ˈɑːr/
• (13th century Icelandic) IPA^(key): /ˈɒːr/

From Proto-Norse *ᛃᚨᚱᚨ (*jara, “year; plenty”), from Proto-Germanic *jērą (“year; plenty”). Cognate with Old English ġēar (English year), Old Frisian jār, Old Saxon jār, Old Dutch jār, Old High German jār, Gothic 𐌾𐌴𐍂 (jēr).
Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₁r- (“year”).

ár n (genitive árs, plural ár)

1. a year
   • Vǫluspá, verse 6, lines 9-10, in 1860, T. Möbius, Edda Sæmundar hins fróða: mit einem Anhang zum Theil bisher ungedruckter Gedichte. Leipzig, page 2:

     […] undorn ok aptan, / árum at telja.

     […] undern and evening, / years to count.

2. plenty, abundance (especially of crops)
   • Saga Sigurðar Jórsalafara 53, in 1832, R. Rask, Fornmanna sögur, Volume VII. Copenhagen, page 174:

     […] þvíat þá var bæði ár og friðr.

     […] since then there were both plenty and peace.

   1. (Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᛅ (a)

• Icelandic: ár
• Faroese: ár
• Norwegian Nynorsk: år
  • Russenorsk: aart
• Norwegian Bokmål: år
• Elfdalian: år
• Old Swedish: ār
  • Swedish: år
• Old Danish: aar
  • Danish: år

From Proto-Germanic *airi (“early”). Cognate with Old English ār, Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍂 (air).

ár (not comparable)

1. early, anciently
2. in early morning, at dawn

• árla
• árrisull (“inclined to rising early”)

• Icelandic: ár, áður (áður may be from *airiz)
• Faroese: áður
• Norwegian Nynorsk: år
• Old Swedish: *ar
• ⇒ Old Norse: árla
  • Icelandic: árla
  • Faroese: árla
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: årle; (dialectal) årla
  • Old Swedish: aarla, arla^[1]
    • Swedish: arla
  • Danish: årle
    • Norwegian Bokmål: årle

From Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”). Cognate with Old English ār.

ár f (genitive árar, plural árar)

1. oar

• Icelandic: ár
• Faroese: ár
• Norwegian:
  • Norwegian Bokmål: åre
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: år, åre
• Old Swedish: ār, āra
  • Swedish: åra
• Danish: åre
• → Kildin Sami: а̄ррьй (ārr’j)^[1]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

ár

1. genitive singular of of á
2. nominative plural of of á
3. accusative plural of á

• Richard Cleasby, Guðbrandur Vigfússon (1874) “ár”, in An Icelandic-English Dictionary, 1st edition, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, page 44
• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910) “ár”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 35; also available at the Internet Archive