Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haljō

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely from Proto-Indo-European *ḱel-yo- or *ḱol-yeh₂-, from *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, conceal”), and cognate with *helaną (“to cover”), though note also similar words in Finno-Ugric, including Finnish koljo (“giant”) and Udmurt кыль (kyľ, “evil spirit”), which have been considered as native Uralic words and not borrowings from Germanic.[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑl.jɔː/

Noun

*haljō f

  1. the netherworld, the underworld, hell

Inflection

Declension of *haljō (ō-stem)
singular plural
nominative *haljō *haljôz
vocative *haljō *haljôz
accusative *haljǭ *haljōz
genitive *haljōz *haljǫ̂
dative *haljōi *haljōmaz
instrumental *haljō *haljōmiz

Derived terms

  • *haljōwītiją (“hell-punishment, hell-torment”)
    • Proto-West Germanic: *halljawītī
      • Old English: hellewīte
      • Old Saxon: helliwīti
      • Old High German: helliwīzi, hellawīzi
        • Middle High German: hellewīze
    • Old Norse: helvíti

Descendants

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*haljō-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 204
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