Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hamô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑ.mɔːː/

Etymology 1

Uncertain; possibly from unattested strong verb *hamaną +‎ *-ô, perhaps cognate with Sanskrit शामूल (śāmūla, “woolen shirt”), seemingly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱem- (“to cover?”).[1] Hyllested instead suggests borrowing from Proto-Finnic *haamoi.[2]

Alternative reconstructions

Noun

*hamô m[1]

  1. shape, physical form
  2. wrapping, binding
  3. skin, flesh
  4. garment, clothing
Inflection
Declension of *hamô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hamô *hamaniz
vocative *hamô *hamaniz
accusative *hamanų *hamanunz
genitive *haminiz *hamanǫ̂
dative *hamini *hamammaz
instrumental *haminē *hamammiz
Derived terms
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hamō
    • Old English: hama, homa
      • Middle English: hame, haum
        • English: hame, heam
    • Old Frisian: *hama, *homa
      • North Frisian: hame
      • Saterland Frisian: Hoom
      • West Frisian: haam
    • Old Saxon: *hamo
    • Old Dutch: *hamo
    • Old High German: *hamo
      • Middle High German: hame, ham
        • German: Hame, Hamen, Ham (dialectal)
        • → Hungarian: hám (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Norse: *hami, *hamʀ, hamr

Etymology 2

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱom-o-, from *ḱem- (“to restrain; shaft, collar”). Cognate with Sanskrit शम्या (śámyā, “yoke pin, plug, wedge”), Avestan 𐬯𐬌𐬨𐬁 (simā, “yoke pin”), Ancient Greek κάμαξ (kámax, “pole, bar, shaft”), Old Armenian սամիք (samikʻ, “facewoods of a yoke”).[3]

Noun

*hamô m[3]

  1. (West Germanic) rod, shaft
Inflection
Declension of *hamô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hamô *hamaniz
vocative *hamô *hamaniz
accusative *hamanų *hamanunz
genitive *haminiz *hamanǫ̂
dative *hamini *hamammaz
instrumental *haminē *hamammiz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hamō
    • Old English:
      • Middle English:
        • English: hame (“horse collar”)
    • Old Dutch:
      • Middle Dutch: hame, haem (“horse collar”)
        • Dutch: haam (“horse collar”)
    • Old High German: *hamo
      • Middle High German: hame (“fishing rod”)

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hama(n)- m. 'shape, physical form'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
  2. ^ Hyllested, Adam (2014) Word Exchange at the Gates of Europe: Five Millennia of Language Contact (PhD. dissertation)‎[2], Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen, pages 101–103
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*haman- m. 'rod, shaft'”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 206
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