Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hardį̄

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑr.ðĩː/

Etymology 1

From *harduz (“hard”) +‎ *-į̄ (“-th, abstract nominal suffix”).[1]

Noun

*hardį̄ f[1]

  1. hardihood, rigidity
Inflection
Declension of *hardį̄ (īn-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hardį̄ *hardīniz
vocative *hardį̄ *hardīniz
accusative *hardīnų *hardīnunz
genitive *hardīniz *hardīnǫ̂
dative *hardīni *hardīmaz
instrumental *hardīnē *hardīmiz
Descendants
  • Proto-West Germanic: *hardī
    • Old High German: hartī, herte, hertī
      • Middle High German: herte
  • Old Norse: herði

Etymology 2

Of uncertain origin, with a quasi-Indo-European form along the lines of *kort-íh₂-. Kroonen adduces no extra-Germanic cognates and leaves the origin open,[2] while Orel considers the term originally identical with the "rigidity" sense of Etymology 1, referring to the firmness of shoulders.[3]

Noun

*hardį̄ f[3]

  1. shoulder
Inflection
Declension of *hardį̄ (īn-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hardį̄ *hardīniz
vocative *hardį̄ *hardīniz
accusative *hardīnų *hardīnunz
genitive *hardīniz *hardīnǫ̂
dative *hardīni *hardīmaz
instrumental *hardīnē *hardīmiz
Synonyms
Descendants

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xardīn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hardī-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 211
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xarđīn ~ *xarđjō”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 161
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