Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/harskaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Dissimilated from earlier *hardskaz, from *harduz (“hard”) +‎ *-skaz.

Adjective

*harskaz[1]

  1. rough-textured, coarse
  2. harsh-tasting, sour, astringent

Inflection

Declension of *harskaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *harskaz *harskō *harską, -atō *harskai *harskôz *harskō
accusative *harskanǭ *harskǭ *harską, -atō *harskanz *harskōz *harskō
genitive *harskas, -is *harskaizōz *harskas, -is *harskaizǫ̂ *harskaizǫ̂ *harskaizǫ̂
dative *harskammai *harskaizōi *harskammai *harskaimaz *harskaimaz *harskaimaz
instrumental *harskanō *harskaizō *harskanō *harskaimiz *harskaimiz *harskaimiz
Weak declension
singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative *harskô *harskǭ *harskô *harskaniz *harskōniz *harskōnō
accusative *harskanų *harskōnų *harskô *harskanunz *harskōnunz *harskōnō
genitive *harskiniz *harskōniz *harskiniz *harskanǫ̂ *harskōnǫ̂ *harskanǫ̂
dative *harskini *harskōni *harskini *harskammaz *harskōmaz *harskammaz
instrumental *harskinē *harskōnē *harskinē *harskammiz *harskōmiz *harskammiz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *harsk
  • Old Norse: harskr (“rancid”)

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xarskaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 164
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