Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hasô

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *ḱeh₂s- (“hare”). Compare with Welsh ceinach (“hare”), English hare, Latin cascus (“old”), Old Prussian sasins (“hare”), Pashto سوی (soe, “hare”), Sanskrit शश (śaśa, “hare”).[1] Note also Welsh cannu (“to whiten”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxɑ.sɔːː/

Noun

*hasô m[1]

  1. hare

Inflection

Verner alternation was preserved in this noun, so that some forms had the stem *haz-. But the distribution of the alternants is currently unknown. According to Kroonen, this noun also contained vowel ablaut in its declension, for example between nominative singular *hesô and genitive singular *haznaz.[2]

Declension of *hesô (masculine an-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hesô *hesaniz
vocative *hesô *hesaniz
accusative *hesanų *haznunz
genitive *haznaz *haznǫ̂
dative *hazini *hazummaz
instrumental *haznē *hazummiz

Descendants

Due to the vowel ablaut and Verner's law consonant alternations, several stems are attested throughout the descendants. Proto-West Germanic preserves the alternation in the consonant, but levels the vowel alternation.

From *hesô:

  • Old Norse: hjasi
    • Icelandic: hjasi
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: jase

From hezô:

  • Old Norse: *hjeri

From hazô:

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hesan- ~ *hazan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 223-4
  2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2011) “The *e ~ *a type”, in The Proto-Germanic n-stems: A study in diachronic morphophonology, Amsterdam: Rodopi, pages 200-201
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