Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/helmaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ḱelmos (“covering”), from the root *ḱel- (“to cover, hide, protect”).[1] Cognate to Proto-Germanic *helaną, Latin clam, Latin celo.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxel.mɑz/

Noun

*helmaz m

  1. helmet

Inflection

Declension of *helmaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *helmaz *helmōz, *helmōs
vocative *helm *helmōz, *helmōs
accusative *helmą *helmanz
genitive *helmas, *hilmis *helmǫ̂
dative *helmai *helmamaz
instrumental *helmō *helmamiz

Derived terms

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *helm
    • Old English: helm
      • Middle English: helm
    • Old Frisian: helm
      • Saterland Frisian: Hälm
      • West Frisian: helm
    • Old Saxon: helm
    • Old Dutch: helm
    • Old High German: helm, halm (10th C. compounds)
    • → Latin: helmus [8th century, Reichenau Glossary] (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Slavic: *šelmъ (see there for further descendants)
  • Old Norse: hjalmr
  • Gothic: 𐌷𐌹𐌻𐌼𐍃 (hilms)
  • →? Proto-Finnic: *hëlma (“hem, margin of cloth”)

References

  1. ^ Friedrich Kluge (1989) “Helm”, in Elmar Seebold, editor, Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache [Etymological Dictionary of the German Language] (in German), 22nd edition, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN
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