Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlēwaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hlēwijaz

Etymology

From the same root of the synonym *hliwjaz as well as possibly *hlewą (“shelter”) (but see Proto-West Germanic *hlaiw for an alternative), further uncertain:

from Proto-Indo-European *ḱleh₁-wós, from the root *ḱelh₁- ~ *ḱleh₁- (“warm, hot”).^[1] Cognate with Lithuanian šiltas (“warm”), Latin calor (“warmth, heat”), Welsh clyd (“warm, cozy”).
a vṛddhi derivative of *hlew- (“(to) clean, bathe?”), from Proto-Indo-European *ḱlewH- (“to clean”), whence also *hlūtraz.^[2] However, even allowing for the semantic gap, the unextended root is not found in Germanic.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxlɛː.wɑz/

Adjective

*hlēwaz^[1]^[2]

lukewarm

Inflection

Declension of *hlēwaz (a-stem)
Strong declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hlēwaz	*hlēwō	*hlēwą, -atō	*hlēwai	*hlēwôz	*hlēwō
accusative	*hlēwanǭ	*hlēwǭ	*hlēwą, -atō	*hlēwanz	*hlēwōz	*hlēwō
genitive	*hlēwas, -is	*hlēwaizōz	*hlēwas, -is	*hlēwaizǫ̂	*hlēwaizǫ̂	*hlēwaizǫ̂
dative	*hlēwammai	*hlēwaizōi	*hlēwammai	*hlēwaimaz	*hlēwaimaz	*hlēwaimaz
instrumental	*hlēwanō	*hlēwaizō	*hlēwanō	*hlēwaimiz	*hlēwaimiz	*hlēwaimiz

Weak declension
	singular			plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*hlēwô	*hlēwǭ	*hlēwô	*hlēwaniz	*hlēwōniz	*hlēwōnō
accusative	*hlēwanų	*hlēwōnų	*hlēwô	*hlēwanunz	*hlēwōnunz	*hlēwōnō
genitive	*hlēwiniz	*hlēwōniz	*hlēwiniz	*hlēwanǫ̂	*hlēwōnǫ̂	*hlēwanǫ̂
dative	*hlēwini	*hlēwōni	*hlēwini	*hlēwammaz	*hlēwōmaz	*hlēwammaz
instrumental	*hlēwinē	*hlēwōnē	*hlēwinē	*hlēwammiz	*hlēwōmiz	*hlēwammiz

Related terms

*hliwjaz
^? *hlewą

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hlāu
- Old English: hlēow
  - Middle English: lew, lewe
    - Scots: lew
    - English: lew
- Old Frisian: *hliāw, *liāw
  - Saterland Frisian: ljou
  - West Frisian: lij
- Old Saxon: *hlāo
  - Middle Low German: lau, lauw
    - German Low German: lau
- Old Dutch: *lāo
  - Middle Dutch: lâeu, lau
    - Dutch: lauw
      - Afrikaans: lou
- Old High German: lāo, *hlāo
  - Middle High German: lā (lāw-)
    - Alemannic German: leew
    - German: lau
- → Old French: [Term?], flou
  - Middle French: flou
    - French: flou
  - → Middle Dutch: vlau
    - Dutch: flauw
    - → German: flau
    - → Danish: flov
>? Old Norse: hlær (or from *hlējaz)
- Icelandic: hlær
- Norwegian: læ
- Danish: læ
→ Proto-Finnic: *leevä (see there for further descendants)
→? Proto-Finnic: *lauha (see there for further descendants)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlēwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xlēwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176

[EDPG-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hlēwa-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎^[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231

[HGE-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xlēwaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎^[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 176

[1]

[2]