Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnippōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From earlier paradigm *hnippōþi ~ *hnibunanþi, from pre-Proto-Germanic *knibʰ-nā́-ti ~ *knibʰ-un-ánti, iterative from Proto-Indo-European *kneybʰ- (“to pinch”). Cognate with Latvian kniêbt, Lithuanian kniẽbti (“to pinch”).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxnip.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnippōną[1]

  1. to pinch

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnippō *hnippǭ — *hnippōi ?
2nd singular *hnippōsi *hnippōs *hnippō *hnippōsai *hnippōsau
3rd singular *hnippōþi *hnippō *hnippōþau *hnippōþai *hnippōþau
1st dual *hnippōs *hnippōw — — —
2nd dual *hnippōþiz *hnippōþiz *hnippōþiz — —
1st plural *hnippōmaz *hnippōm — *hnippōnþai *hnippōnþau
2nd plural *hnippōþ *hnippōþ *hnippōþ *hnippōnþai *hnippōnþau
3rd plural *hnippōnþi *hnippōn *hnippōnþau *hnippōnþai *hnippōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hnippōdǭ *hnippōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hnippōdēz *hnippōdēdīz
3rd singular *hnippōdē *hnippōdēdī
1st dual *hnippōdēdū *hnippōdēdīw
2nd dual *hnippōdēdudiz *hnippōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hnippōdēdum *hnippōdēdīm
2nd plural *hnippōdēdud *hnippōdēdīd
3rd plural *hnippōdēdun *hnippōdēdīn
present past
participles *hnippōndz *hnippōdaz

Alternative reconstructions

  • *hnippijaną[2]

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hnippōn
    • Old English: *hnippian
      • Middle English: nippen (possibly loaned from Middle Dutch or Middle Low German instead)
    • Old Saxon: *hnippōn
    • Old Dutch: *nippon
    • Old High German: *nipfōn
      • Middle High German: nipfen
        • German: nipfen (dialectal)
  • Old Norse: hnippa
    • Icelandic: hnippa

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hnippōn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 236
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*xnippjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 180
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