Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hriþōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hriþiz (“shivers, fever”) +‎ *-ōną. Compare also West Germanic *hrīþēn - *hrīþōn, which displays the full ablaut grade.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxri.θɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hriþōną

  1. to tremble
  2. to shiver
  3. to have a fever

Inflection

Conjugation of (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hriþō *hriþǭ — *hriþōi ?
2nd singular *hriþōsi *hriþōs *hriþō *hriþōsai *hriþōsau
3rd singular *hriþōþi *hriþō *hriþōþau *hriþōþai *hriþōþau
1st dual *hriþōs *hriþōw — — —
2nd dual *hriþōþiz *hriþōþiz *hriþōþiz — —
1st plural *hriþōmaz *hriþōm — *hriþōnþai *hriþōnþau
2nd plural *hriþōþ *hriþōþ *hriþōþ *hriþōnþai *hriþōnþau
3rd plural *hriþōnþi *hriþōn *hriþōnþau *hriþōnþai *hriþōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *hriþōdǭ *hriþōdēdį̄
2nd singular *hriþōdēz *hriþōdēdīz
3rd singular *hriþōdē *hriþōdēdī
1st dual *hriþōdēdū *hriþōdēdīw
2nd dual *hriþōdēdudiz *hriþōdēdīdiz
1st plural *hriþōdēdum *hriþōdēdīm
2nd plural *hriþōdēdud *hriþōdēdīd
3rd plural *hriþōdēdun *hriþōdēdīn
present past
participles *hriþōndz *hriþōdaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hriþōn
    • Old English: hriþian
  • Old Norse: riða (with unexpected loss of initial h-)
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