Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrukkaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

Etymology

Kroonen considers the term to be of unknown origin, and additionally considers the reconstruction *rukkaz to be incorrect, due to the existence of forms such as Old Frisian hrock, thus rejecting the traditional derivation from Proto-Indo-European *rukn-, *ruk-, *rug-, *ruǵ- (“to spin”) and corollary connections with Proto-Germanic *rukkô (“spinning wheel, distaff”), Old Irish rucht (“tunic”), and Welsh rhuwch (“bran, husks, sieve; rough garment, cloak, mantle”).[1][2]

An alternative derivation from Proto-Indo-European *kreḱ- (“to weave”) (whence Proto-Slavic *kresati (“to strike fire)”) is semantically attractive, but phonetically problematic, as the expected Germanic form would be something like *hruhaz. (Can this(+) etymology be sourced?)

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈxruk.kɑz/

Noun

*hrukkaz m

  1. a robe; jacket; skirt; tunic

Inflection

Declension of *hrukkaz (masculine a-stem)
singular plural
nominative *hrukkaz *hrukkōz, *hrukkōs
vocative *hrukk *hrukkōz, *hrukkōs
accusative *hrukką *hrukkanz
genitive *hrukkas, *hrukkis *hrukkǫ̂
dative *hrukkai *hrukkamaz
instrumental *hrukkō *hrukkamiz

Descendants

Only forms which explicitly reflect initial h- are shown here. The remainder are at *rukkaz.

  • Proto-West Germanic: *hrokk

References

  1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hrukka-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 250-1
  2. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*rukkaz”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[2], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 308
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