rok

rok (plural roks)

1. Alternative form of roc.

• KOR, OKR, kor, ork

From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

• IPA^(key): /rɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

rok (plural rokke, diminutive rokkie)

1. A dress.

• → Sotho: roko
• → Xhosa: ilokhwe

Related to Irish rucas (“pride, arrogance”). Possibly borrowed into English as rogue.^[1]

rok

1. arrogant
2. hard

Inherited from Old Czech rok, from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

• IPA^(key): [ˈrok]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ok

rok m inan (diminutive roček)

1. year, the time it takes a planetary body to complete one revolution around a star
2. (sciences) year, exactly 365.25 days

   Synonym: léto

3. year, a period between set dates that denotes a year

   Synonym: kalendářní rok

   v tomto roce ― this year

4. year, a scheduled part of a year spent in a given activity

• letos

• “rok”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “rok”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “rok”, in Internetová jazyková příručka (in Czech), 2008–2025

From Old Norse rokkr

rok

1. a spinning wheel
2. a distaff

• håndrok, spinderok

rok (plural rook)

1. (anatomy) kidney

• rök (“calabash”, its shape resembles a kidney)

• Roger Blench (2005) Dinka-English Dictionary‎^[1], page 154

• IPA^(key): /rɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: rok
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Homophone: rock

From Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-West Germanic *(h)rokk, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)

1. skirt (clothing)
2. full dress, white tie (formal clothing)
3. layer on a bulb such as an onion
4. (chiefly historical, otherwise archaic) garment covering the torso

• Afrikaans: rok
  • → Sotho: roko
  • → Xhosa: ilokhwe
• Jersey Dutch: rok
• Negerhollands: rok
• → Indonesian: rok
• → Papiamentu: rok (dated)

rok m (plural rokken, diminutive rokje n)

1. alternative form of rokken

From English roc.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrok/, [ˈro̞k]
• Rhymes: -ok
• Syllabification^(key): rok
• Hyphenation^(key): rok

rok

1. roc (mythical bird)

• Often used in the form rok-lintu (“roc-bird”).

Related to rjúka (“to emit smoke, rush”); see there for more.^[1]

• IPA^(key): /rɔːk/
• Rhymes: -ɔːk

rok n (genitive singular roks, nominative plural rok)

1. storm, whole gale

• “rok” in the Dictionary of Modern Icelandic (in Icelandic) and ISLEX (in the Nordic languages)

From Dutch rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɔk]
• Hyphenation: rok

rok

1. skirt (clothing)
2. full dress, white tie (formal clothing)

From English rock.

• IPA^(key): [ˈrɔk]
• Hyphenation: rok

rok

1. (music) rock, a style of music characterized by basic drum-beat, generally 4/4 riffs, based on (usually electric) guitar, bass guitar, drums and vocals

• “rok” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔk/
• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: rok

rok m inan

1. year (calendar year)
2. year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)

• Stefan Ramułt (1893) “rok”, in Słownik języka pomorskiego czyli kaszubskiego (in Kashubian), page 182
• Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011) “rok”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎^[2], volume 2, page 815
• “rok”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

rok

1. third-person singular/plural present indicative of rakt
2. (with the particle lai) third-person singular imperative of rakt
3. (with the particle lai) third-person plural imperative of rakt

From Proto-Finnic *rokka, from Proto-Finno-Ugric *rokka. Cognates include Finnish rokka.

rok

1. soup

rok

1. soul

• roh (“spirit”)

• A Maranao Dictionary, by Howard P. McKaughan and Batua A. Macaraya

rok

1. alternative form of rooke

rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka or rokene)

1. form removed with the spelling reform of 2005; superseded by rokk

rok n (definite singular roket, indefinite plural rok, definite plural roka)

1. alternative spelling of rokk

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

• IPA^(key): (13^th CE) /ˈrok/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /ˈrok/

rok m inan

1. year

• Czech: rok

• Jan Gebauer (1903–1916) “rok”, in Slovník staročeský (in Czech), Prague: Česká grafická společnost "unie", Česká akademie císaře Františka Josefa pro vědy, slovesnost a umění

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ. First attested in the 14th century.

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /rɔk/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /rɔk/

rok m inan

1. year
2. deadline
3. (law) date of a court case; or the court case itself
4. court summons

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

• Polish: rok
• Silesian: rok

• B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “rok”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

From Proto-West Germanic *rauki, from Proto-Germanic *raukiz, whence also Old English rēc, Old Frisian rēk, Old Dutch rouc, Old High German rouh, Old Norse reykr.

rōk m

1. smoke

• Middle Low German: rōk
  • Low German: Röök

Inherited from Old Polish rok.

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: rok
• Homophones: rock, Rok

rok m inan (diminutive roczek)

1. year (solar year)
2. (by extension, astronomy) year (time it takes for any planet to orbit its star)
3. year (calendar year)
4. year (scheduled part of a calendar year spent in a specific activity)
5. year (group of people belonging to the same calendar year of typically educational events)
6. (obsolete, law) court case
7. (obsolete) engagement, betrothal
8. (Middle Polish) indiscriminate length of time
9. (Middle Polish) age of a being

   Synonym: wiek

10. (Middle Polish) agreed upon length of time for work or employment
11. (Middle Polish) time set aside for performing a task

According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), rok is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 209 times in scientific texts, 413 times in news, 297 times in essays, 53 times in fiction, and 53 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 1025 times, making it the 28th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.^[1]

• rok in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• rok in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, Stanisław Rospond, Witold Taszycki, Stefan Hrabec, Władysław Kuraszkiewicz (2010-2023) “rok”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “ROK”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 06.10.2016
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1912), “rok”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 5, Warsaw, page 555
• rok in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

• IPA^(key): /rôk/

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

rȍk m inan (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к)

1. deadline
2. term, date (period during which something ought to be performed or completed)

• “rok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Borrowed from English rock.

rȍk m animacy unspecified (Cyrillic spelling ро̏к, indeclinable)

1. rock and roll

• “rok”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2025

Inherited from Old Polish rok.

• IPA^(key): /ˈrɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔk
• Syllabification: rok

rok m inan

1. year (calendar year)

The roki plural is used in Cieszyn Silesian dialects.

• rok-2 in dykcjonorz.eu
• rok in silling.org

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

• IPA^(key): [rɔk]

rok m inan (relational adjective ročný, diminutive rôčik)

1. year

   Nový rok ― New Year's Day

   roku Pána ― anno Domini

• rôčik
• ročne
• storočie

• “rok”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2025

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

rok (rôk)

1. genitive dual/plural of roka

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *rokъ.

rok (rók)

1. deadline
2. term, date (period during which something ought to be performed or completed)

• “rok”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
• “rok”, in Termania, Amebis
• See also the general references

From Dutch rok, possibly through Indonesian rok, from Middle Dutch roc, from Old Dutch rok, from Proto-Germanic *rukkaz.

• IPA^(key): [ɾok]

rok

1. a skirt

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001) A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

From Proto-Finnic *rokko. Cognates include Finnish rokko.

rok

1. pox (disease)

Inflection of rok (inflection type 1/ilo)
nominative sing.	rok
genitive sing.	rokon
partitive sing.	rokod
partitive plur.	rokoid
	singular	plural
nominative	rok	rokod
accusative	rokon	rokod
genitive	rokon	rokoiden
partitive	rokod	rokoid
essive-instructive	rokon	rokoin
translative	rokoks	rokoikš
inessive	rokos	rokoiš
elative	rokospäi	rokoišpäi
illative	rokoho	rokoihe
adessive	rokol	rokoil
ablative	rokolpäi	rokoilpäi
allative	rokole	rokoile
abessive	rokota	rokoita
comitative	rokonke	rokoidenke
prolative	rokodme	rokoidme
approximative I	rokonno	rokoidenno
approximative II	rokonnoks	rokoidennoks
egressive	rokonnopäi	rokoidennopäi
terminative I	rokohosai	rokoihesai
terminative II	rokolesai	rokoilesai
terminative III	rokossai	—
additive I	rokohopäi	rokoihepäi
additive II	rokolepäi	rokoilepäi

From Proto-Finnic *rokka.

rok

1. pea soup, split pea soup

Inflection of rok (inflection type 6/kuva)
nominative sing.	rok
genitive sing.	rokan
partitive sing.	rokad
partitive plur.	rokid
	singular	plural
nominative	rok	rokad
accusative	rokan	rokad
genitive	rokan	rokiden
partitive	rokad	rokid
essive-instructive	rokan	rokin
translative	rokaks	rokikš
inessive	rokas	rokiš
elative	rokaspäi	rokišpäi
illative	rokaha	rokihe
adessive	rokal	rokil
ablative	rokalpäi	rokilpäi
allative	rokale	rokile
abessive	rokata	rokita
comitative	rokanke	rokidenke
prolative	rokadme	rokidme
approximative I	rokanno	rokidenno
approximative II	rokannoks	rokidennoks
egressive	rokannopäi	rokidennopäi
terminative I	rokahasai	rokihesai
terminative II	rokalesai	rokilesai
terminative III	rokassai	—
additive I	rokahapäi	rokihepäi
additive II	rokalepäi	rokilepäi