Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyH- (to dwindle) or possibly, Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (to decline, perish).[1]

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkwiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwīnaną[1]

  1. to wither, to dwindle

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 1)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwīnō *kwīnaų *kwīnai ?
2nd singular *kwīnizi *kwīnaiz *kwīn *kwīnazai *kwīnaizau
3rd singular *kwīnidi *kwīnai *kwīnadau *kwīnadai *kwīnaidau
1st dual *kwīnōz *kwīnaiw
2nd dual *kwīnadiz *kwīnaidiz *kwīnadiz
1st plural *kwīnamaz *kwīnaim *kwīnandai *kwīnaindau
2nd plural *kwīnid *kwīnaid *kwīnid *kwīnandai *kwīnaindau
3rd plural *kwīnandi *kwīnain *kwīnandau *kwīnandai *kwīnaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwain *kwinį̄
2nd singular *kwaint *kwinīz
3rd singular *kwain *kwinī
1st dual *kwinū *kwinīw
2nd dual *kwinudiz *kwinīdiz
1st plural *kwinum *kwinīm
2nd plural *kwinud *kwinīd
3rd plural *kwinun *kwinīn
present past
participles *kwīnandz *kwinanaz

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwīnan
    • Old English: *cwīnan
    • Old Frisian: *quīna
      • Saterland Frisian: kwienje (alternatively borrowed from Low German)
      • West Frisian: kwine, kwynje (alternatively borrowed from Dutch)
    • Old Saxon: *quīnan
      • Middle Low German: quînen
        • German Low German: quienen
    • Old Dutch: quīnan
    • Old High German: *quīnan
      • Middle High German: *quīnen
        • Middle High German: verquīnen

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*kwīnan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 319