Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwellaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *gʷelH- (“to drip, stream”). Cognate with Sanskrit गलति (galati, “to drip, ooze”).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈkwel.lɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*kwellaną[1]

  1. to well
  2. to gush, stream

Inflection

Conjugation of (strong class 3)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwellō *kwellaų — *kwellai ?
2nd singular *kwillizi *kwellaiz *kwell *kwellazai *kwellaizau
3rd singular *kwillidi *kwellai *kwelladau *kwelladai *kwellaidau
1st dual *kwellōz *kwellaiw — — —
2nd dual *kwelladiz *kwellaidiz *kwelladiz — —
1st plural *kwellamaz *kwellaim — *kwellandai *kwellaindau
2nd plural *kwillid *kwellaid *kwillid *kwellandai *kwellaindau
3rd plural *kwellandi *kwellain *kwellandau *kwellandai *kwellaindau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *kwall *kullį̄
2nd singular *kwallt *kullīz
3rd singular *kwall *kullī
1st dual *kullū *kullīw
2nd dual *kulludiz *kullīdiz
1st plural *kullum *kullīm
2nd plural *kullud *kullīd
3rd plural *kullun *kullīn
present past
participles *kwellandz *kullanaz
  • *kwellǭ

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *kwellan, *kwalljan
    • Old Saxon: quellan
      • Middle Low German: quellen, quillen
        • → Swedish: kvälla
    • Old Dutch: *quellan
    • Old High German: kwellan, quellan

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) “*kwellanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 227
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